महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-10, verse-68

विमृश्य तस्मात्प्राज्ञेन वक्तव्यं धर्ममिच्छता ।
सत्यानृतेन हि कृत उपदेशो हिनस्ति वै ॥६८॥

68. vimṛśya tasmātprājñena vaktavyaṁ dharmamicchatā ,
satyānṛtena hi kṛta upadeśo hinasti vai.

68. vimṛśya tasmāt prājñena vaktavyam dharmam
icchatā satyānṛtena hi kṛtaḥ upadeśaḥ hinasti vai

68. Therefore, a wise person who desires to uphold (dharma) should speak only after thorough deliberation. For indeed, advice given with a mix of truth and falsehood certainly causes harm.

Words meanings summery:

• विमृश्य (vimṛśya) - having reflected, after deliberation

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• प्राज्ञेन (prājñena) - by a wise person

• वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - should be spoken, ought to be said

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty

• इच्छता (icchatā) - by one desiring

• सत्यानृतेन (satyānṛtena) - by truth and untruth, by (a mixture of) truth and falsehood

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - given, made, done

• उपदेशः (upadeśaḥ) - instruction, advice

• हिनस्ति (hinasti) - harms, injures, destroys

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

Words meanings and morphology

विमृश्य (vimṛśya) - having reflected, after deliberation

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from prefix 'vi-' + root 'mṛś' ('to touch, consider') + 'lyaP' suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: mṛś (class 6)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially as 'therefore'.

प्राज्ञेन (prājñena) - by a wise person

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prājña

prājña - wise, knowing, intelligent person

Formed from 'pra-' (forth) + 'jñā' (to know) + 'a' suffix, meaning 'one who knows well'.

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Functions as a noun here.

वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - should be spoken, ought to be said

(adjective)

neuter, singular of vaktavya

vaktavya - to be spoken, to be said

Gerundive (kṛtya)

Formed from root 'vac' ('to speak') + 'tavya' suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with an implied object like 'vacana' or 'upadeśa'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - law, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, intrinsic nature

From root dhṛ ('to uphold, support').

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

इच्छता (icchatā) - by one desiring

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of icchat

icchat - desiring, wishing

Present Active Participle

Formed from root 'iṣ' ('to wish, desire') which changes to 'icch' in present stem.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'prājñena'.

सत्यानृतेन (satyānṛtena) - by truth and untruth, by (a mixture of) truth and falsehood

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of satyānṛta

satyānṛta - truth and falsehood, mixed truth and untruth

Dvandva compound of 'satya' (truth) and 'anṛta' (untruth, falsehood).

Compound type : dvandva (satya+anṛta)

• satya – truth, true
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)
• anṛta – untruth, falsehood, false
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of 'an-' (not) and 'ṛta' (truth, right).
  Prefix: an
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - given, made, done

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, given

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'kṛ' ('to do').

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'upadeśaḥ'.

उपदेशः (upadeśaḥ) - instruction, advice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upadeśa

upadeśa - instruction, advice, teaching, precept

Formed from prefix 'upa-' + root 'diś' ('to point out, instruct') + 'a' suffix.

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

हिनस्ति (hinasti) - harms, injures, destroys

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of hiṃs

Present Active Indicative

From root 'hiṃs' (variant of 'han').

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)