महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-10, verse-43

भीष्म उवाच ।
बाढमित्येव तं राजा प्रत्युवाच युधिष्ठिर ।
यदि ज्ञास्यामि वक्ष्यामि अजानन्न तु संवदे ॥४३॥

43. bhīṣma uvāca ,
bāḍhamityeva taṁ rājā pratyuvāca yudhiṣṭhira ,
yadi jñāsyāmi vakṣyāmi ajānanna tu saṁvade.

43. bhīṣma uvāca bāḍham iti eva tam rājā prati uvāca
yudhiṣṭhira yadi jñāsyāmi vakṣyāmi ajānan na tu saṃvade

43. Bhishma said, "The king replied to him, 'Certainly,' O Yudhishthira. 'If I know, I will speak. But if I do not know, I will not make a commitment.'"

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• बाढम् (bāḍham) - certainly, indeed, yes

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• तम् (tam) - him, to him

• राजा (rājā) - king

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in reply

• उवाच (uvāca) - replied (when combined with 'prati') (said, spoke, replied)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira (proper name)

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

• ज्ञास्यामि (jñāsyāmi) - I shall know

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I shall speak

• अजानन् (ajānan) - if I do not know (not knowing, ignorant)

• न (na) - not, no

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

• संवदे (saṁvade) - I will not make a commitment (I would speak, I would promise, I would commit)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a prominent character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (2nd class), Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, Active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

बाढम् (bāḍham) - certainly, indeed, yes

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him, to him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in reply

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - replied (when combined with 'prati') (said, spoke, replied)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (2nd class), Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, Active voice

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother, meaning 'firm in battle')

यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

(indeclinable)

ज्ञास्यामि (jñāsyāmi) - I shall know

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of jñā

Future Active

Root 'jñā' (9th class), Future tense, 1st person singular, Active voice

Root: jñā (class 9)

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I shall speak

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future Active

Root 'vac' (2nd class), Future tense, 1st person singular, Active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

अजानन् (ajānan) - if I do not know (not knowing, ignorant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajānat

ajānat - not knowing, ignorant

Present Active Participle

Negated present active participle of 'jñā'

Prefix: a

Root: jñā (class 9)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

संवदे (saṁvade) - I will not make a commitment (I would speak, I would promise, I would commit)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of saṃ-vad

Present Middle/Ātmanepada

Root 'vad' (1st class) with prefix 'sam', Present tense, 1st person singular, Ātmanepada/Middle voice

Prefix: sam

Root: vad (class 1)