महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-10, verse-27

अथ दक्षिणमावृत्य बृसीं परमशीर्षिकाम् ।
कृतामन्यायतो दृष्ट्वा ततस्तमृषिरब्रवीत् ॥२७॥

27. atha dakṣiṇamāvṛtya bṛsīṁ paramaśīrṣikām ,
kṛtāmanyāyato dṛṣṭvā tatastamṛṣirabravīt.

27. atha dakṣiṇam āvṛtya bṛsīm paramaśīrṣikām
kṛtām anyāyataḥ dṛṣṭvā tataḥ tam ṛṣiḥ abravīt

27. Then, seeing the cushion placed with its top pointing south, which was done incorrectly, the sage (ṛṣi) spoke to him.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon (then, now, thereupon, moreover)

• दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - south (direction) (south, right, clever, skillful)

• आवृत्य (āvṛtya) - having turned (towards the south), having faced (having turned, having covered, having faced)

• बृसीम् (bṛsīm) - the cushion (cushion, tuft of grass (for a seat), stool)

• परमशीर्षिकाम् (paramaśīrṣikām) - with its top (pointing in a certain direction) (having its top, principal head/top)

• कृताम् (kṛtām) - (which was) done (to the cushion) (done, made, performed (feminine accusative singular))

• अन्यायतः (anyāyataḥ) - improperly, incorrectly (improperly, unjustly, irregularly, incorrectly)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to the śūdra) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - the sage (sage, seer)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (to him) (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon (then, now, thereupon, moreover)

(indeclinable)

दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - south (direction) (south, right, clever, skillful)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - south, right (side), skillful, clever

Accusative singular, acting adverbially or as object of 'āvṛtya'.

Root: dakṣ (class 1)

Note: Used here adverbially meaning 'towards the south'.

आवृत्य (āvṛtya) - having turned (towards the south), having faced (having turned, having covered, having faced)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'vṛt' with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

बृसीम् (bṛsīm) - the cushion (cushion, tuft of grass (for a seat), stool)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bṛsī

bṛsī - cushion, tuft of grass (for a seat), a specific type of seat

परमशीर्षिकाम् (paramaśīrṣikām) - with its top (pointing in a certain direction) (having its top, principal head/top)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of paramaśīrṣika

paramaśīrṣika - having a chief head/top, principal head/top

Compound. From 'parama' (supreme, chief) + 'śīrṣa' (head, top). Used to describe the orientation of the cushion.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parama+śīrṣa)

• parama – highest, supreme, chief, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• śīrṣa – head, top, peak, main part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Here, it means 'having its head/top part'.

कृताम् (kṛtām) - (which was) done (to the cushion) (done, made, performed (feminine accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kṛ'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used as an adjective describing 'bṛsīm'.

अन्यायतः (anyāyataḥ) - improperly, incorrectly (improperly, unjustly, irregularly, incorrectly)

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix '-tas' from 'anyāya' (injustice).

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him (referring to the śūdra) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - the sage (sage, seer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (to him) (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada.

Root: brū (class 2)