महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-10, verse-21

अथास्य मुनिरागच्छत्संगत्या वै तमाश्रमम् ।
संपूज्य स्वागतेनर्षिं विधिवत्पर्यतोषयत् ॥२१॥

21. athāsya munirāgacchatsaṁgatyā vai tamāśramam ,
saṁpūjya svāgatenarṣiṁ vidhivatparyatoṣayat.

21. atha asya muniḥ āgacchat saṅgatyā vai tam āśramam
| sampūjya svāgatena ṛṣim vidhivat paryatoṣayat

21. atha muniḥ asya tam āśramam saṅgatyā vai āgacchat
(śūdraḥ) ṛṣim svāgatena sampūjya vidhivat paryatoṣayat

21. Then, the sage came to his (the śūdra's) hermitage (āśrama) to meet him. The śūdra, having respectfully welcomed and honored the sage, fully pleased him according to the prescribed rites.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (now, then, thereupon)

• अस्य (asya) - his (referring to the śūdra mentioned in the context) (his, of him, this, of this)

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - the sage (who is the subject of the verse, often referring to a specific sage in the narrative) (sage, ascetic)

• आगच्छत् (āgacchat) - he came, arrived (he came, he went)

• सङ्गत्या (saṅgatyā) - to meet (him), for a visit, by reason of his association (by coming together, by association, by union, for a meeting)

• वै (vai) - (emphatic particle, often untranslated in natural English) (indeed, certainly, verily)

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to the śūdra) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• आश्रमम् (āśramam) - hermitage, abode (āśrama) (hermitage, ascetic abode, stage of life (āśrama))

• सम्पूज्य (sampūjya) - having respectfully welcomed and honored (having worshipped, having honored)

• स्वागतेन (svāgatena) - with a proper welcome (by welcome, with hospitality)

• ऋषिम् (ṛṣim) - the sage (the guest) (sage, seer (accusative))

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to the prescribed rules/rites (according to rule, duly, properly, ceremonially)

• पर्यतोषयत् (paryatoṣayat) - he fully pleased/satisfied (him) (he pleased, satisfied completely)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (now, then, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his (referring to the śūdra mentioned in the context) (his, of him, this, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that, he, she, it

Note: `idam` declines differently for masculine, feminine, neuter. `asya` is genitive singular for m/n.

मुनिः (muniḥ) - the sage (who is the subject of the verse, often referring to a specific sage in the narrative) (sage, ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer, saint

आगच्छत् (āgacchat) - he came, arrived (he came, he went)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of gam

From root gam (go) with prefix ā (towards).

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: `agacchat` is imperfect 3rd singular active. With prefix `ā`.

सङ्गत्या (saṅgatyā) - to meet (him), for a visit, by reason of his association (by coming together, by association, by union, for a meeting)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of saṅgati

saṅgati - meeting, union, association, coming together

From saṃ-gam-ti.

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

वै (vai) - (emphatic particle, often untranslated in natural English) (indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him (referring to the śūdra) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: `tad` declines for masculine, feminine, neuter. `tam` is masculine accusative singular.

आश्रमम् (āśramam) - hermitage, abode (āśrama) (hermitage, ascetic abode, stage of life (āśrama))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, monastery, sacred retreat, stage of life, exertion, effort

From root śram (to toil) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 1)

Note: Refers to the dwelling of the śūdra, denoting destination.

सम्पूज्य (sampūjya) - having respectfully welcomed and honored (having worshipped, having honored)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) of root pūj (to honor) with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: An absolutive, indicates an action completed before the main verb.

स्वागतेन (svāgatena) - with a proper welcome (by welcome, with hospitality)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of svāgata

svāgata - welcome, hospitality, comfortable

From su (good) + āgata (come).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+āgata)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
• āgata – come, arrived, attained
  participle (neuter)
  past passive participle
  Past Passive Participle of ā-gam.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: `su-āgata` literally 'well-come'.

ऋषिम् (ṛṣim) - the sage (the guest) (sage, seer (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet, Vedic singer

Note: Object of `sampūjya` and `paryatoṣayat`.

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to the prescribed rules/rites (according to rule, duly, properly, ceremonially)

(indeclinable)

From vidhi (rule) + -vat (like, according to).

पर्यतोषयत् (paryatoṣayat) - he fully pleased/satisfied (him) (he pleased, satisfied completely)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of tuṣ

Causative of root tuṣ (to be pleased) with prefix pari.

Prefix: pari

Root: tuṣ (class 4)