महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-10, verse-65

तस्मान्मौनानि मुनयो दीक्षां कुर्वन्ति चादृताः ।
दुरुक्तस्य भयाद्राजन्नानुभाषन्ति किंचन ॥६५॥

65. tasmānmaunāni munayo dīkṣāṁ kurvanti cādṛtāḥ ,
duruktasya bhayādrājannānubhāṣanti kiṁcana.

65. tasmāt maunāni munayaḥ dīkṣām kurvanti ca ādṛtāḥ
duruktasya bhayāt rājan na anubhāṣanti kiñcana

65. Therefore, O King, sages (muni) respectfully undertake vows of silence, and out of fear of improper speech, they do not utter anything at all.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• मौनानि (maunāni) - vows of silence, silences

• मुनयः (munayaḥ) - sages, ascetics

• दीक्षाम् (dīkṣām) - vow, consecration, initiation

• कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they do, they make, they perform, they undertake

• च (ca) - and, also

• आदृताः (ādṛtāḥ) - respected, honored, devoted, careful, reverent

• दुरुक्तस्य (duruktasya) - of ill-spoken words, of improper speech

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear

• राजन् (rājan) - O king!

• न (na) - not, no

• अनुभाषन्ति (anubhāṣanti) - they utter, they speak after

• किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything at all, anything

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially as 'therefore'.

मौनानि (maunāni) - vows of silence, silences

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of mauna

mauna - silence, quietness, vow of silence

Derived from muni (sage) + aṇ (taddhita suffix), meaning 'state of a muni' or 'silence'.

मुनयः (munayaḥ) - sages, ascetics

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of muni

muni - a sage, an ascetic, a silent one

Root: man (class 4)

दीक्षाम् (dīkṣām) - vow, consecration, initiation

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dīkṣā

dīkṣā - consecration, initiation, a solemn vow, religious observance

Derived from root dīkṣ, to consecrate, initiate.

Root: dīkṣ (class 1)

कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they do, they make, they perform, they undertake

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Active Indicative

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आदृताः (ādṛtāḥ) - respected, honored, devoted, careful, reverent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ādṛta

ādṛta - respected, honored, reverent, careful, esteemed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix ā- + root dṛ ('to honor, respect').

Prefix: ā

Root: dṛ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'munayaḥ'.

दुरुक्तस्य (duruktasya) - of ill-spoken words, of improper speech

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of durukta

durukta - ill-spoken, improper speech, bad words

Past Passive Participle (as noun)

Compound of 'dur' (bad, difficult) and 'ukta' (spoken).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dus+ukta)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• ukta – spoken, said
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root vac ('to speak').
  Root: vac (class 2)

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread

Root: bhī (class 3)

राजन् (rājan) - O king!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अनुभाषन्ति (anubhāṣanti) - they utter, they speak after

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of anubhāṣ

Present Active Indicative

Formed from prefix 'anu-' + root 'bhāṣ' ('to speak').

Prefix: anu

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything at all, anything

(indeclinable)

From 'kim' (what) + 'cana' (a particle).

Note: Functions as indefinite pronoun.