महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-10, verse-10

तत्र कश्चित्समुत्साहं कृत्वा शूद्रो दयान्वितः ।
आगतो ह्याश्रमपदं पूजितश्च तपस्विभिः ॥१०॥

10. tatra kaścitsamutsāhaṁ kṛtvā śūdro dayānvitaḥ ,
āgato hyāśramapadaṁ pūjitaśca tapasvibhiḥ.

10. tatra kaścit samutsāham kṛtvā śūdraḥ dayānvitaḥ
āgataḥ hi āśramapadam pūjitaḥ ca tapasvibhiḥ

10. tatra dayānvitaḥ kaścit śūdraḥ samutsāham kṛtvā
hi āśramapadam āgataḥ ca tapasvibhiḥ pūjitaḥ

10. There, a compassionate śūdra, having exerted himself, indeed arrived at the hermitage and was honored by the ascetics.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - a certain (śūdra) (someone, a certain one)

• समुत्साहम् (samutsāham) - great effort, zeal

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having exerted (great effort) (having done, having made)

• शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra (man of the fourth social class)

• दयान्वितः (dayānvitaḥ) - endowed with compassion, compassionate

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - came, arrived

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• आश्रमपदम् (āśramapadam) - to the hermitage, to the ascetic dwelling

• पूजितः (pūjitaḥ) - honored, worshipped

• च (ca) - and

• तपस्विभिः (tapasvibhiḥ) - by the ascetics, by those practicing austerities

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem tad + suffix tra

कश्चित् (kaścit) - a certain (śūdra) (someone, a certain one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - someone, a certain (masculine singular nominative)

ka (interrogative pronoun) + cid (indeclinable particle for indefiniteness)

Note: Refers to the śūdra.

समुत्साहम् (samutsāham) - great effort, zeal

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samutsāha

samutsāha - great energy, perseverance, enthusiasm, zeal

Derived from root sah (to strive) with prefixes sam-ut

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Object of the gerund 'kṛtvā'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having exerted (great effort) (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root kṛ with suffix tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra (man of the fourth social class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a man of the fourth or lowest of the four chief castes (social classes)

Note: Subject of 'āgataḥ' and 'pūjitaḥ'.

दयान्वितः (dayānvitaḥ) - endowed with compassion, compassionate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dayānvita

dayānvita - endowed with compassion, compassionate

dayā (compassion) + anvita (endowed with)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dayā+anvita)

• dayā – compassion, pity, sympathy
  noun (feminine)
  Root: day (class 1)
• anvita – accompanied by, connected with, endowed with
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root i (to go) with prefix anu
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'śūdraḥ'.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - came, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle (used actively)

From root gam (to go) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śūdraḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

आश्रमपदम् (āśramapadam) - to the hermitage, to the ascetic dwelling

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āśramapada

āśramapada - hermitage, ascetic dwelling, consecrated ground, ashram

āśrama (hermitage) + pada (place, foot)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āśrama+pada)

• āśrama – hermitage, asylum, stage of life, spiritual retreat
  noun (masculine)
  From root śram (to toil) with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śram (class 4)
• pada – foot, step, place, mark
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Object of motion for 'āgataḥ'.

पूजितः (pūjitaḥ) - honored, worshipped

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūjita

pūjita - honored, revered, worshipped

Past Passive Participle

From root pūj (to honor)

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'śūdraḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तपस्विभिः (tapasvibhiḥ) - by the ascetics, by those practicing austerities

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, devotee, one who practices austerities (tapas)

From tapas (austerity) with possessive suffix vin

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'pūjitaḥ'.