महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-10, verse-15

कुलपतिरुवाच ।
न शक्यमिह शूद्रेण लिङ्गमाश्रित्य वर्तितुम् ।
आस्यतां यदि ते बुद्धिः शुश्रूषानिरतो भव ॥१५॥

15. kulapatiruvāca ,
na śakyamiha śūdreṇa liṅgamāśritya vartitum ,
āsyatāṁ yadi te buddhiḥ śuśrūṣānirato bhava.

15. kulapatiḥ uvāca na śakyam iha śūdreṇa liṅgam āśritya
vartitum āsyatām yadi te buddhiḥ śuśrūṣānirataḥ bhava

15. kulapatiḥ uvāca iha śūdreṇa liṅgam āśritya vartitum na
śakyam yadi te buddhiḥ śuśrūṣānirataḥ bhava āsyatām

15. The Kulapati said: 'It is not possible for a śūdra to live here by adopting the marks of an ascetic. If that is your intention, then remain here and be devoted to service.'

Words meanings summery:

• कुलपतिः (kulapatiḥ) - head of a family, head of a hermitage, preceptor

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• शूद्रेण (śūdreṇa) - by a śūdra

• लिङ्गम् (liṅgam) - the marks/emblem of an ascetic (mark, sign, emblem, gender)

• आश्रित्य (āśritya) - having resorted to, having adopted, having taken refuge

• वर्तितुम् (vartitum) - to live, to exist, to reside

• आस्यताम् (āsyatām) - remain here (implied action for the second person) (let it be sat, let one remain here)

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• ते (te) - your, to you, by you

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intention (intellect, understanding, intention, mind)

• शुश्रूषानिरतः (śuśrūṣānirataḥ) - devoted to service, engaged in service

• भव (bhava) - be, become

Words meanings and morphology

कुलपतिः (kulapatiḥ) - head of a family, head of a hermitage, preceptor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kulapati

kulapati - head of a family or community, a preceptor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kula+pati)

• kula – family, lineage, community
  noun (neuter)
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac (class 2)

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, able, practicable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root śak

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Used as a noun here, 'it is possible.'

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

शूद्रेण (śūdreṇa) - by a śūdra

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the fourth social class/varṇa

Note: Agent in a passive construction ("by a śūdra it is not possible").

लिङ्गम् (liṅgam) - the marks/emblem of an ascetic (mark, sign, emblem, gender)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of liṅga

liṅga - mark, sign, emblem, gender, phallus

Note: Object of āśritya.

आश्रित्य (āśritya) - having resorted to, having adopted, having taken refuge

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root śri (class 1) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

वर्तितुम् (vartitum) - to live, to exist, to reside

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of vṛt

infinitive

From root vṛt (class 1)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

आस्यताम् (āsyatām) - remain here (implied action for the second person) (let it be sat, let one remain here)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of ās

Imperative Passive

Root ās (class 2), ātmanepada form

Root: ās (class 2)

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - your, to you, by you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

Note: Enclitic form for genitive ("your") or dative ("to you"). Here, "your (intention)".

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intention (intellect, understanding, intention, mind)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, intention, mind

From root budh

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Subject of the conditional clause.

शुश्रूषानिरतः (śuśrūṣānirataḥ) - devoted to service, engaged in service

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuśrūṣānirata

śuśrūṣānirata - devoted to service

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śuśrūṣā+nirata)

• śuśrūṣā – desire to serve, service
  noun (feminine)
  Desiderative nominal derivative from root śru
  Root: śru (class 5)
• nirata – devoted to, engaged in, attached to
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ram with prefix ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for implied subject "you".

भव (bhava) - be, become

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of bhū

Imperative Active

Root bhū (class 1)

Root: bhū (class 1)