महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-10, verse-51

एतेन कर्मदोषेण पुरोधास्त्वमजायथाः ।
अहं राजा च विप्रेन्द्र पश्य कालस्य पर्ययम् ।
मत्कृते ह्युपदेशेन त्वया प्राप्तमिदं फलम् ॥५१॥

51. etena karmadoṣeṇa purodhāstvamajāyathāḥ ,
ahaṁ rājā ca viprendra paśya kālasya paryayam ,
matkṛte hyupadeśena tvayā prāptamidaṁ phalam.

51. etena karma-doṣeṇa purodhāḥ tvam
ajāyathāḥ aham rājā ca vipra-indra
paśya kālasya paryayam mat-kṛte hi
upadeśena tvayā prāptam idam phalam

51. Due to this karmic (karma) flaw, you were born as a royal priest. And I am a king, O chief of brahmins (vipra). Behold the reversal of time! Indeed, by the instruction you gave for my sake, this result has been obtained by you.

Words meanings summery:

• एतेन (etena) - by this

• कर्म-दोषेण (karma-doṣeṇa) - by the fault of action (karma), by the karmic flaw

• पुरोधाः (purodhāḥ) - a royal priest, one placed in front

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• अजायथाः (ajāyathāḥ) - you were born

• अहम् (aham) - I

• राजा (rājā) - a king

• च (ca) - and, also

• विप्र-इन्द्र (vipra-indra) - O chief of brahmins, O best brahmin

• पश्य (paśya) - behold, see, look

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of time

• पर्ययम् (paryayam) - reversal, change, turn

• मत्-कृते (mat-kṛte) - for my sake, on account of me

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• उपदेशेन (upadeśena) - by instruction

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, gained, reached

• इदम् (idam) - this

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence

Words meanings and morphology

एतेन (etena) - by this

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

कर्म-दोषेण (karma-doṣeṇa) - by the fault of action (karma), by the karmic flaw

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karma-doṣa

karma-doṣa - fault of action, karmic flaw

Compound type : tatpurusha (karma+doṣa)

• karma – action, deed, work, (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• doṣa – fault, defect, blame, evil
  noun (masculine)
  From root duṣ
  Root: duṣ (class 4)

पुरोधाः (purodhāḥ) - a royal priest, one placed in front

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purodhās

purodhās - a royal priest, minister; one placed in front

From prefix puraḥ + root dhā

Prefix: puraḥ

Root: dhā (class 3)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you

अजायथाः (ajāyathāḥ) - you were born

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of jan

imperfect second person singular (ātmanepada)

From root jan (4th class, ātmanepada) + a- (augment) + -thāḥ (ending)

Root: jan (class 4)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

राजा (rājā) - a king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विप्र-इन्द्र (vipra-indra) - O chief of brahmins, O best brahmin

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vipra-indra

vipra-indra - chief of brahmins, best among brahmins (vipra)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vipra+indra)

• vipra – a brahmin, inspired one, wise
  noun (masculine)
  From root vip (to tremble, to inspire)
  Root: vip (class 1)
• indra – chief, lord, best (often used as a suffix in compounds)
  noun (masculine)

पश्य (paśya) - behold, see, look

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

imperative second person singular

From root dṛś (1st class, present stem paśya-)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कालस्य (kālasya) - of time

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

From root kal (to count, to calculate)

Root: kal (class 10)

पर्ययम् (paryayam) - reversal, change, turn

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paryaya

paryaya - change, reversal, turn, succession

From root i with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: i (class 2)

मत्-कृते (mat-kṛte) - for my sake, on account of me

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mat+kṛta)

• mat – me (ablative of asmad)
  pronoun
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

उपदेशेन (upadeśena) - by instruction

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upadeśa

upadeśa - instruction, teaching, advice

From root diś with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, gained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, gained, reached

Past Passive Participle

From root āp with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

From root phal

Root: phal (class 1)