महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-10, verse-60

एवं प्राप्तो महत्कृच्छ्रमृषिः स नृपसत्तम ।
ब्राह्मणेन न वक्तव्यं तस्माद्वर्णावरे जने ॥६०॥

60. evaṁ prāpto mahatkṛcchramṛṣiḥ sa nṛpasattama ,
brāhmaṇena na vaktavyaṁ tasmādvarṇāvare jane.

60. evam prāptaḥ mahat kṛcchram ṛṣiḥ saḥ nṛpa sattama
brāhmaṇena na vaktavyam tasmāt varṇa avare jane

60. Thus, that sage (ṛṣi) endured a great hardship, O best of kings. Therefore, a brahmin should not speak of this to a person of a lower social class (varṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - in this way, thus (thus, in this manner, so)

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - endured, experienced (attained, obtained, reached)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

• कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - great hardship (difficulty, hardship, distress)

• ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - that sage (sage, seer, inspired poet)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the ṛṣi) (he, that (masculine singular nominative pronoun))

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king (king, protector of men)

• सत्तम (sattama) - O best (used in addressing a king) (best, most excellent)

• ब्राह्मणेन (brāhmaṇena) - by a brahmin

• न (na) - not, no

• वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - should be spoken (to be spoken, should be said)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, thence, from that)

• वर्ण (varṇa) - social class (color, caste, social class, letter, quality)

• अवरे (avare) - lower (lower, inferior, later, western)

• जने (jane) - to a person (in a person, among people)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - in this way, thus (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - endured, experienced (attained, obtained, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - attained, obtained, reached, received

Past Passive Participle

From root 'āp' (to obtain) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Here, it means 'having endured' or 'having reached' a state of difficulty.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important, noble

Note: Modifies kṛcchram.

कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - great hardship (difficulty, hardship, distress)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficult, painful, distressful, penance, severe austerity

Note: Object of prāptaḥ.

ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - that sage (sage, seer, inspired poet)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet, Vedic singer

Root: ṛṣ (class 6)

Note: Subject of prāptaḥ.

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the ṛṣi) (he, that (masculine singular nominative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the ṛṣi.

नृप (nṛpa) - O king (king, protector of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (literally 'protector of men')

nṛ (men) + pa (protector, from root pā)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – men, human beings
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pā' (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

सत्तम (sattama) - O best (used in addressing a king) (best, most excellent)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sattama

sattama - best, most excellent, most virtuous

Superlative of sat (good, existing)

Note: Modifies nṛpa.

ब्राह्मणेन (brāhmaṇena) - by a brahmin

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - brahmin, relating to brahman, sacred text

Note: Agent of the passive construction 'na vaktavyam'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - should be spoken (to be spoken, should be said)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaktavya

vaktavya - to be spoken, to be said, mentionable

Gerundive (Kartavya / Krtya suffix)

From root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix 'tavya'

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'it' (the story/event).

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage meaning 'therefore'.

वर्ण (varṇa) - social class (color, caste, social class, letter, quality)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of varṇa

varṇa - color, tint, appearance, caste, social class, quality, letter, sound

From root 'vṛ' (to cover, choose)

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Part of compound varṇāvare.

अवरे (avare) - lower (lower, inferior, later, western)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of avara

avara - lower, inferior, younger, later, western

Note: Modifies jane, part of compound varṇāvare.

जने (jane) - to a person (in a person, among people)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, man, creature, people

From root 'jan' (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Locative case here indicates 'to' or 'in the matter of' someone.