महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-10, verse-38

लक्षयित्वा पुरोधास्तु बहुशस्तं नराधिपम् ।
उत्स्मयन्तं च सततं दृष्ट्वासौ मन्युमानभूत् ॥३८॥

38. lakṣayitvā purodhāstu bahuśastaṁ narādhipam ,
utsmayantaṁ ca satataṁ dṛṣṭvāsau manyumānabhūt.

38. lakṣayitvā purodhāḥ tu bahuśaḥ tam narādhipam
utsmayantam ca satatam dṛṣṭvā asau manyumān abhūt

38. purodhāḥ tu tam narādhipam bahuśaḥ utsmayantam
ca satatam lakṣayitvā dṛṣṭvā asau manyumān abhūt

38. But the priest, having repeatedly observed that king and constantly seeing him smirk, became filled with wrath.

Words meanings summery:

• लक्षयित्वा (lakṣayitvā) - having observed, having noticed

• पुरोधाः (purodhāḥ) - the priest

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - repeatedly, many times

• तम् (tam) - that king (him)

• नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - the ruler of men, the king

• उत्स्मयन्तम् (utsmayantam) - smirking, smiling derisively

• च (ca) - and

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• असौ (asau) - the priest (he)

• मन्युमान् (manyumān) - full of wrath, angry

• अभूत् (abhūt) - became

Words meanings and morphology

लक्षयित्वा (lakṣayitvā) - having observed, having noticed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund) of causative

Derived from root lakṣ with suffix ktvā, after causative formation.

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

पुरोधाः (purodhāḥ) - the priest

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purodhas

purodhas - priest, preceptor, family priest

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - repeatedly, many times

(indeclinable)

Derived from bahu with suffix śas.

तम् (tam) - that king (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - the ruler of men, the king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - ruler of men, king

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)

उत्स्मयन्तम् (utsmayantam) - smirking, smiling derisively

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of utsmayat

utsmayat - smirking, derisively smiling

present active participle

Derived from root smi with upasarga ut.

Prefix: ut

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'narādhipam'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root dṛś with suffix ktvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

असौ (asau) - the priest (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (demonstrative pronoun), he, she, it

मन्युमान् (manyumān) - full of wrath, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manyumat

manyumat - wrathful, angry, having wrath

Possessive adjective derived from manyu with suffix matup.

अभूत् (abhūt) - became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

aorist tense

Root: bhū (class 1)