महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-10, verse-58

दत्त्वा गाश्चैव विप्राणां पूतात्मा सोऽभवद्द्विजः ।
तमेव चाश्रमं गत्वा चचार विपुलं तपः ॥५८॥

58. dattvā gāścaiva viprāṇāṁ pūtātmā so'bhavaddvijaḥ ,
tameva cāśramaṁ gatvā cacāra vipulaṁ tapaḥ.

58. dattvā gāḥ ca eva viprāṇām pūta ātmā saḥ abhavat
dvijaḥ tam eva ca āśramam gatvā cacāra vipulam tapaḥ

58. Having given cows to brahmins, that twice-born (dvija) became pure in spirit (ātman). Then, having gone to that very hermitage (āśrama), he engaged in extensive asceticism (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given, having granted

• गाः (gāḥ) - cows

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

• विप्राणाम् (viprāṇām) - to brahmins (implied recipient of gifts) (of brahmins, for brahmins)

• पूत (pūta) - pure (purified, pure, cleansed)

• आत्मा (ātmā) - spirit (self, soul, spirit, essence)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the dvija) (he, that (masculine singular nominative pronoun))

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became (he became, he was)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - that brahmin (twice-born, a brahmin)

• तम् (tam) - that (referring to the āśrama) (that, him)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

• च (ca) - and, also

• आश्रमम् (āśramam) - hermitage (hermitage, ascetic's abode, stage of life)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• चचार (cacāra) - he performed, he engaged in (he practiced, he wandered, he performed)

• विपुलम् (vipulam) - extensive, great (extensive, abundant, vast, great)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance (heat, penance, asceticism, austerity)

Words meanings and morphology

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given, having granted

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from root 'dā' with suffix 'tvā'

Root: dā (class 3)

गाः (gāḥ) - cows

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis.

विप्राणाम् (viprāṇām) - to brahmins (implied recipient of gifts) (of brahmins, for brahmins)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - inspired, a brahmin, sage, priest

Note: Genitive indicating for whom the cows were given.

पूत (pūta) - pure (purified, pure, cleansed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūta

pūta - purified, pure, clean, holy

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pū' (to purify)

Root: pū (class 1)

आत्मा (ātmā) - spirit (self, soul, spirit, essence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essential nature, breath

Note: Nominative singular form of ātman.

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the dvija) (he, that (masculine singular nominative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अभवत् (abhavat) - became (he became, he was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

Laṅ (Imperfect) form of root 'bhū'

Root: bhū (class 1)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - that brahmin (twice-born, a brahmin)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (epithet for Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas), a brahmin, a bird, a tooth

From dvi (two) + jan (to be born) -> ja (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born
  adjective
  Derived from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the main subject.

तम् (tam) - that (referring to the āśrama) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आश्रमम् (āśramam) - hermitage (hermitage, ascetic's abode, stage of life)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, ascetic's abode, a stage of life (e.g., student, householder)

From root 'śram' (to toil) with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Object of gatvā.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root 'gam' with suffix 'tvā'

Root: gam (class 1)

चचार (cacāra) - he performed, he engaged in (he practiced, he wandered, he performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of car

Perfect Active

Liṭ (Perfect) form of root 'car'

Root: car (class 1)

विपुलम् (vipulam) - extensive, great (extensive, abundant, vast, great)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vipula

vipula - extensive, large, great, abundant, vast

Note: Modifies tapaḥ.

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance (heat, penance, asceticism, austerity)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, penance, austerity, asceticism, religious merit

From root 'tap' (to heat, to burn)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of cacāra.