महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-10, verse-31

अथ दीर्घस्य कालस्य स तप्यञ्शूद्रतापसः ।
वने पञ्चत्वमगमत्सुकृतेन च तेन वै ।
अजायत महाराजराजवंशे महाद्युतिः ॥३१॥

31. atha dīrghasya kālasya sa tapyañśūdratāpasaḥ ,
vane pañcatvamagamatsukṛtena ca tena vai ,
ajāyata mahārājarājavaṁśe mahādyutiḥ.

31. atha dīrghasya kālasya saḥ tapyan
śūdra-tāpasaḥ vane pañcatvam agamat
su-kṛtena ca tena vai ajāyata
mahā-rāja-rāja-vaṃśe mahā-dyutiḥ

31. atha dīrghasya kālasya saḥ
śūdra-tāpasaḥ tapyan vane pañcatvam agamat
ca tena vai su-kṛtena mahā-dyutiḥ
mahā-rāja-rāja-vaṃśe ajāyata

31. Then, after a long period, that śūdra ascetic, while performing austerities, died in the forest. And indeed, due to that meritorious deed (sukṛta), he, a greatly splendid being, was reborn in the lineage of a great king.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• दीर्घस्य (dīrghasya) - of a long (period) (of long, of extended)

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of a period (of time) (of time, of a period)

• सः (saḥ) - that (śūdra ascetic) (he, that)

• तप्यन् (tapyan) - while performing austerities (performing austerities, heating oneself)

• शूद्र-तापसः (śūdra-tāpasaḥ) - that ascetic who was a śūdra (a śūdra ascetic)

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in the woods

• पञ्चत्वम् (pañcatvam) - death (the body returning to five elements) (the state of five, five-ness)

• अगमत् (agamat) - attained (death), died (went, attained, reached)

• सु-कृतेन (su-kṛtena) - by good deeds, by meritorious actions

• च (ca) - and, also

• तेन (tena) - by that (good deed) (by him, by that)

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily (emphatic particle)

• अजायत (ajāyata) - was born, became

• महा-राज-राज-वंशे (mahā-rāja-rāja-vaṁśe) - in the lineage of a great king

• महा-द्युतिः (mahā-dyutiḥ) - of great splendor, greatly effulgent

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

दीर्घस्य (dīrghasya) - of a long (period) (of long, of extended)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, tall, extended

कालस्य (kālasya) - of a period (of time) (of time, of a period)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

सः (saḥ) - that (śūdra ascetic) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

तप्यन् (tapyan) - while performing austerities (performing austerities, heating oneself)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapat

tapat - performing austerities, heating

Present Active Participle

from root √tap (to heat, to perform austerity)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Modifies saḥ

शूद्र-तापसः (śūdra-tāpasaḥ) - that ascetic who was a śūdra (a śūdra ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra-tāpasa

śūdra-tāpasa - śūdra ascetic

Compound: śūdra (member of the fourth social class) + tāpasa (ascetic)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śūdra+tāpasa)

• śūdra – member of the fourth social class
  noun (masculine)
• tāpasa – ascetic, hermit
  noun (masculine)
  from tapas (austerity)

वने (vane) - in the forest, in the woods

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

पञ्चत्वम् (pañcatvam) - death (the body returning to five elements) (the state of five, five-ness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pañcatva

pañcatva - state of five, five-ness, death

from pañcan (five) + -tva (suffix for state/nature)

अगमत् (agamat) - attained (death), died (went, attained, reached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (luṅ) of gam

Imperfect Active

root √gam, augment 'a' prefix, short 'a' in root for aorist/imperfect

Root: gam (class 1)

सु-कृतेन (su-kṛtena) - by good deeds, by meritorious actions

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of su-kṛta

su-kṛta - good deed, meritorious action, virtue

Compound: su (good) + kṛta (deed, done)

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (su+kṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent (prefix)
  indeclinable
• kṛta – deed, action, done, made
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by that (good deed) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to sukṛtena

वै (vai) - indeed, verily (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

अजायत (ajāyata) - was born, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of jan

Imperfect Middle/Passive

root √jan, augment 'a' prefix, middle voice ending

Prefix: a

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Often used in passive sense 'was born'

महा-राज-राज-वंशे (mahā-rāja-rāja-vaṁśe) - in the lineage of a great king

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahā-rāja-rāja-vaṃśa

mahā-rāja-rāja-vaṁśa - lineage of great kings

Compound: mahā-rāja (great king) + rāja-vaṃśa (royal lineage)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahā-rāja+rāja-vaṃśa)

• mahā-rāja – great king
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: mahā (great) + rāja (king)
  Prefix: mahā
• rāja-vaṃśa – royal lineage, king's family
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: rāja (king) + vaṃśa (lineage)

महा-द्युतिः (mahā-dyutiḥ) - of great splendor, greatly effulgent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahā-dyuti

mahā-dyuti - greatly splendid, greatly effulgent

Compound: mahā (great) + dyuti (splendor, brilliance)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+dyuti)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• dyuti – splendor, light, brilliance, glory
  noun (feminine)

Note: Modifies the implied subject of ajāyata