महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-10, verse-62

एषितव्यं सदा वाचा नृपेण द्विजसत्तमात् ।
न प्रवक्तव्यमिह हि किंचिद्वर्णावरे जने ॥६२॥

62. eṣitavyaṁ sadā vācā nṛpeṇa dvijasattamāt ,
na pravaktavyamiha hi kiṁcidvarṇāvare jane.

62. eṣitavyam sadā vācā nṛpeṇa dvijasattamāt na
pravaktavyam iha hi kiṃcit varṇāvare jane

62. nṛpeṇa sadā dvijasattamāt vācā eṣitavyam
iha varṇāvare jane kiṃcit hi na pravaktavyam

62. The king should always seek advice through words from the most excellent of the twice-born (dvija). Indeed, nothing at all should be spoken here to a person of a lower social class (varṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• एषितव्यम् (eṣitavyam) - should be sought (should be sought, to be desired, ought to be asked for)

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• वाचा (vācā) - through words (by speech, by voice, through words)

• नृपेण (nṛpeṇa) - by the king

• द्विजसत्तमात् (dvijasattamāt) - from the most excellent of the twice-born (dvija) (from the best of the twice-born, from the most excellent brahmin)

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रवक्तव्यम् (pravaktavyam) - should be spoken (should be spoken, to be declared)

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything at all (anything, something, whatever)

• वर्णावरे (varṇāvare) - to a person of a lower social class (varṇa) (to a lower class, in a lower social class (person))

• जने (jane) - to a person (to a person, in a person)

Words meanings and morphology

एषितव्यम् (eṣitavyam) - should be sought (should be sought, to be desired, ought to be asked for)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of eṣitavya

eṣitavya - to be sought, to be desired

Gerundive

From root 'eṣ' (to seek, desire) with suffix '-tavya'.

Root: eṣ (class 1)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

वाचा (vācā) - through words (by speech, by voice, through words)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word

Root: vac (class 2)

नृपेण (nṛpeṇa) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (literally 'protector of men')

Compound of 'nṛ' (man) and 'pa' (protector, from root 'pā').

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, men
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pā' (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

द्विजसत्तमात् (dvijasattamāt) - from the most excellent of the twice-born (dvija) (from the best of the twice-born, from the most excellent brahmin)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dvijasattama

dvijasattama - the best of the twice-born

Karmadhāraya compound of 'dvija' and 'sattama'.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born, brahmin
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'dvi' (twice) and 'ja' (born, from root 'jan').
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'sat' (good, existent).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रवक्तव्यम् (pravaktavyam) - should be spoken (should be spoken, to be declared)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pravaktavya

pravaktavya - to be spoken, to be declared, to be taught

Gerundive

From root 'vac' (to speak) with prefix 'pra' and suffix '-tavya'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything at all (anything, something, whatever)

(indeclinable)

From 'kim' (what) + 'cit' (enclitic).

वर्णावरे (varṇāvare) - to a person of a lower social class (varṇa) (to a lower class, in a lower social class (person))

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of varṇāvara

varṇāvara - of a lower social class, belonging to an inferior varṇa

Tatpurusha compound: 'varṇa' (class) + 'avara' (lower).

Compound type : tatpurusha (varṇa+avara)

• varṇa – color, social class, caste
  noun (masculine)
• avara – lower, inferior, younger
  adjective (masculine)

जने (jane) - to a person (to a person, in a person)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, man, creature, folk

From root 'jan' (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)