महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-10, verse-5

निदर्शनमिदं राजञ्शृणु मे भरतर्षभ ।
दुरुक्तवचने राजन्यथा पूर्वं युधिष्ठिर ।
ब्रह्माश्रमपदे वृत्तं पार्श्वे हिमवतः शुभे ॥५॥

5. nidarśanamidaṁ rājañśṛṇu me bharatarṣabha ,
duruktavacane rājanyathā pūrvaṁ yudhiṣṭhira ,
brahmāśramapade vṛttaṁ pārśve himavataḥ śubhe.

5. nidṛśanam idam rājan śṛṇu me
bharatarṣabha durukta-vacane rājan
yathā pūrvaṃ yudhiṣṭhira brahmāśramapade
vṛttam pārśve himavataḥ śubhe

5. rājan bharatarṣabha me idam nidṛśanam
śṛṇu rājan durukta-vacane
yathā pūrvaṃ yudhiṣṭhira śubhe
himavataḥ pārśve brahmāśramapade vṛttam

5. O King, best of the Bharatas, listen to this example from me. O King, regarding harsh words, just as it happened previously with Yudhishthira, a similar event occurred in the auspicious hermitage of Brahmā, on the slopes of the Himālayas.

Words meanings summery:

• निदृशनम् (nidṛśanam) - this specific example being narrated (an example, an illustration, a demonstration)

• इदम् (idam) - this particular example (this)

• राजन् (rājan) - addressing the listener, likely a monarch (O King)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - an imperative command to the king (listen, hear)

• मे (me) - from me (the speaker) (to me, from me, my)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - a respectful address to the king (O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

• दुरुक्त-वचने (durukta-vacane) - concerning the subject of unpleasant or offensive speech (in the matter of harsh words, regarding ill-spoken words)

• राजन् (rājan) - second address to the listener for emphasis or continuation (O King)

• यथा (yathā) - indicating a comparison or previous instance (as, just as, like)

• पूर्वं (pūrvaṁ) - referring to an event that took place in the past (previously, formerly, before)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - referring to the eldest of the Pandavas (Yudhishthira (proper noun))

• ब्रह्माश्रमपदे (brahmāśramapade) - the location where the story unfolds (in the hermitage of Brahmā)

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - the event or story took place (happened, occurred, transpired, finished)

• पार्श्वे (pārśve) - specifying the location as being on the slopes/side of the Himalayas (on the side, on the flank, near)

• हिमवतः (himavataḥ) - specifying the mountains whose side is being referred to (of the Himavat, of the Himalayas)

• शुभे (śubhe) - describing the auspiciousness of the location (side of the Himalayas or hermitage) (auspicious, beautiful, pure)

Words meanings and morphology

निदृशनम् (nidṛśanam) - this specific example being narrated (an example, an illustration, a demonstration)

(noun)

neuter, singular of nidarśana

nidarśana - example, illustration, demonstration, vision

Derived from root √dṛś (to see) with prefix ni- and suffix -ana.

Prefix: ni

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Here likely nominative, as it is the subject of an implied 'this is an example'.

इदम् (idam) - this particular example (this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Agrees with 'nidṛśanam'.

राजन् (rājan) - addressing the listener, likely a monarch (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

शृणु (śṛṇu) - an imperative command to the king (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śṛ

Imperative 2nd person singular, from root śru, class 5.

Root: śru (class 5)

मे (me) - from me (the speaker) (to me, from me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Here indicates 'from me' or 'mine' (referring to the example).

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - a respectful address to the king (O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

(compound noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – Bharata (an ancient king or his descendant), a name of India
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

दुरुक्त-वचने (durukta-vacane) - concerning the subject of unpleasant or offensive speech (in the matter of harsh words, regarding ill-spoken words)

(compound noun)

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (durukta+vacana)

• durukta – ill-spoken, harsh, unpleasant
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From dur + √vac (to speak).
  Prefix: dur
  Root: vac (class 2)
• vacana – speech, word, saying
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root √vac (to speak) with suffix -ana.
  Root: vac (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - second address to the listener for emphasis or continuation (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

यथा (yathā) - indicating a comparison or previous instance (as, just as, like)

(indeclinable)

पूर्वं (pūrvaṁ) - referring to an event that took place in the past (previously, formerly, before)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - referring to the eldest of the Pandavas (Yudhishthira (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava, 'steady in battle')

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle (locative of yudh)
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Here likely nominative, implying 'as Yudhishthira [experienced/heard] previously'.

ब्रह्माश्रमपदे (brahmāśramapade) - the location where the story unfolds (in the hermitage of Brahmā)

(compound noun)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (brahman+āśramapada)

• brahman – Brahmā (the creator god), sacred utterance, the Absolute
  proper noun (masculine)
• āśramapada – hermitage, ascetic abode
  compound noun (neuter)

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - the event or story took place (happened, occurred, transpired, finished)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - happened, occurred, past, done, circular, conduct

Past Passive Participle

From root √vṛt (to turn, to be, to happen).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Often used impersonally to mean 'it happened'.

पार्श्वे (pārśve) - specifying the location as being on the slopes/side of the Himalayas (on the side, on the flank, near)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pārśva

pārśva - side, flank, vicinity

हिमवतः (himavataḥ) - specifying the mountains whose side is being referred to (of the Himavat, of the Himalayas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of himavat

himavat - Himavat (the Himalayas, personified as a mountain king), snowy, icy

Possessive suffix -vat from 'hima' (snow).

शुभे (śubhe) - describing the auspiciousness of the location (side of the Himalayas or hermitage) (auspicious, beautiful, pure)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śubha

śubha - auspicious, beautiful, bright, good

Note: Agrees with 'pārśve' and 'brahmāśramapade'.