महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-1, verse-65

यदनेन कृतं कर्म तेनायं निधनं गतः ।
विनाशहेतुः कर्मास्य सर्वे कर्मवशा वयम् ॥६५॥

65. yadanena kṛtaṁ karma tenāyaṁ nidhanaṁ gataḥ ,
vināśahetuḥ karmāsya sarve karmavaśā vayam.

65. yad anena kṛtam karma tena ayam nidhanam gataḥ
vināśahetuḥ karma asya sarve karmavaśāḥ vayam

65. yad anena karma kṛtam,
tena ayam nidhanam gataḥ.
asya karma vināśahetuḥ.
sarve vayam karmavaśāḥ.

65. Because of the action (karma) performed by him, he met his end. Indeed, his actions (karma) are the cause of his destruction, for all of us are subservient to our actions (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• यद् (yad) - because (conjunction) (which, what, that)

• अनेन (anena) - by this person (by this)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed (action) (done, made, performed)

• कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, work, fate, consequence of actions)

• तेन (tena) - by that action (karma) (by that)

• अयम् (ayam) - this person (this, he)

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - end, destruction (death, destruction, dissolution, end)

• गतः (gataḥ) - met, attained (his end) (gone, attained, reached)

• विनाशहेतुः (vināśahetuḥ) - cause of his destruction (cause of destruction)

• कर्म (karma) - his action (karma) (action, deed, work, fate, consequence of actions)

• अस्य (asya) - his (referring to the person) (his, of this)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of us) (all, everyone)

• कर्मवशाः (karmavaśāḥ) - subservient to our actions (karma) (subject to karma, controlled by actions, dependent on fate)

• वयम् (vayam) - we (all of us) (we, us)

Words meanings and morphology

यद् (yad) - because (conjunction) (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Used here as a conjunction meaning "because" or "since".

अनेन (anena) - by this person (by this)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to the person whose action is being discussed.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed (action) (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'karma'.

कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, work, fate, consequence of actions)

(noun)

neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, fate, consequence of actions

Derived from root √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: A key concept in Indian philosophy, referring to action and its consequences.

तेन (tena) - by that action (karma) (by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers back to the 'karma' performed.

अयम् (ayam) - this person (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to the individual experiencing consequences.

निधनम् (nidhanam) - end, destruction (death, destruction, dissolution, end)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, dissolution, end

From ni- + √dhā (to place, put)

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'gataḥ'.

गतः (gataḥ) - met, attained (his end) (gone, attained, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, attained, reached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ayam'.

विनाशहेतुः (vināśahetuḥ) - cause of his destruction (cause of destruction)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vināśahetu

vināśahetu - cause of destruction

Compound type : tatpurusha (vināśa+hetu)

• vināśa – destruction, ruin, loss
  noun (masculine)
  From vi- + √naś (to perish)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: naś (class 4)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive
  noun (masculine)
  From root √hi (to send, propel)
  Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'karma'.

कर्म (karma) - his action (karma) (action, deed, work, fate, consequence of actions)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, fate, consequence of actions

Derived from root √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

अस्य (asya) - his (referring to the person) (his, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Qualifies 'karma'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of us) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'vayam'.

कर्मवशाः (karmavaśāḥ) - subservient to our actions (karma) (subject to karma, controlled by actions, dependent on fate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of karmavaśa

karmavaśa - subject to karma, controlled by actions, dependent on fate

Compound type : tatpurusha (karma+vaśa)

• karma – action, deed, work
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• vaśa – control, power, subjection
  noun (masculine)
  From root √vaś (to wish, desire, control)
  Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'vayam'.

वयम् (vayam) - we (all of us) (we, us)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of the third clause.