महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-1, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
शमो बहुविधाकारः सूक्ष्म उक्तः पितामह ।
न च मे हृदये शान्तिरस्ति कृत्वेदमीदृशम् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
śamo bahuvidhākāraḥ sūkṣma uktaḥ pitāmaha ,
na ca me hṛdaye śāntirasti kṛtvedamīdṛśam.

1. Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca śamaḥ bahuvidhākāraḥ sūkṣmaḥ uktaḥ
pitāmaha na ca me hṛdaye śāntiḥ asti kṛtvā idam īdṛśam

1. Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca pitāmaha,
śamaḥ bahuvidhākāraḥ sūkṣmaḥ uktaḥ.
ca me hṛdaye idam īdṛśam kṛtvā śāntiḥ na asti.

1. Yudhishthira said: "O Grandfather, inner tranquility (śama) has been described as subtle and manifold. However, having performed such deeds as these, there is no peace in my heart."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शमः (śamaḥ) - inner tranquility, calmness, restraint (śama)

• बहुविधाकारः (bahuvidhākāraḥ) - having many forms, of many kinds

• सूक्ष्मः (sūkṣmaḥ) - subtle, minute, delicate

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, declared, spoken

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressed to Bhishma (O Grandfather)

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and

• मे (me) - my, to me, for me

• हृदये (hṛdaye) - in the heart

• शान्तिः (śāntiḥ) - peace, tranquility

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• इदम् (idam) - referring to the 'deed' or 'situation' Yudhishthira is responsible for (this, such)

• ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such, of this kind

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Yudhiṣṭhira

Yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (eldest of the Pandavas)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

शमः (śamaḥ) - inner tranquility, calmness, restraint (śama)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śama

śama - calmness, quietude, tranquility, restraint, inner peace

Root: śam (class 4)

बहुविधाकारः (bahuvidhākāraḥ) - having many forms, of many kinds

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bahuvidhākāra

bahuvidhākāra - having many forms/aspects, manifold

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahuvidha+ākāra)

• bahuvidha – of many kinds, manifold
  adjective
• ākāra – form, shape, appearance
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with śamaḥ

सूक्ष्मः (sūkṣmaḥ) - subtle, minute, delicate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - subtle, minute, fine, delicate, refined

Root: sūc (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śamaḥ

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, declared, spoken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

past passive participle

from root vac, past passive participle

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with śamaḥ

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressed to Bhishma (O Grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, great-father (Brahma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great
  adjective

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - my, to me, for me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Enclitic form of asmad, dative/genitive singular

Note: Indicates possession ('my heart')

हृदये (hṛdaye) - in the heart

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of hṛdaya

hṛdaya - heart, mind, soul

शान्तिः (śāntiḥ) - peace, tranquility

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śānti

śānti - peace, tranquility, cessation, calm, appeasement

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Subject of asti

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

present active

3rd person singular present active

Root: as (class 2)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

absolutive from root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इदम् (idam) - referring to the 'deed' or 'situation' Yudhishthira is responsible for (this, such)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Object of kṛtvā

ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such, of this kind

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such, of this kind, like this

Note: Agrees with idam