महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-1, verse-40

लुब्धक उवाच ।
वध्यस्त्वं मम दुर्बुद्धे बालघाती नृशंसकृत् ।
भाषसे किं बहु पुनर्वध्यः सन्पन्नगाधम ॥४०॥

40. lubdhaka uvāca ,
vadhyastvaṁ mama durbuddhe bālaghātī nṛśaṁsakṛt ,
bhāṣase kiṁ bahu punarvadhyaḥ sanpannagādhama.

40. lubdhaka uvāca vadhyaḥ tvam mama durbuddhe bālaghātī
nṛśaṃsakṛt bhāṣase kim bahu punaḥ vadhyaḥ san pannagādhama

40. lubdhaka uvāca durbuddhe bālaghātī nṛśaṃsakṛt pannagādhama
tvam mama vadhyaḥ punaḥ vadhyaḥ san kim bahu bhāṣase

40. The hunter said: 'You are to be killed by me, O evil-minded child-killer, you cruel one! Why do you speak so much again, being deserving of death, O lowest of snakes?'

Words meanings summery:

• लुब्धक (lubdhaka) - the hunter (hunter, fowler)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - to be killed, worthy of death (to be killed, punishable, destined for death)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (the snake) (you)

• मम (mama) - by me (my, by me)

• दुर्बुद्धे (durbuddhe) - O evil-minded one (O evil-minded one, O foolish one)

• बालघाती (bālaghātī) - child-killer

• नृशंसकृत् (nṛśaṁsakṛt) - you cruel one, doer of cruelty (cruel, doing cruel acts, a cruel person)

• भाषसे (bhāṣase) - why do you speak (so much)? (you speak, you say)

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

• बहु (bahu) - much, a lot (much, many, abundant)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore (again, further, moreover)

• वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - worthy of death (to be killed, punishable, destined for death)

• सन् (san) - being (worthy of death) (being, existing)

• पन्नगाधम (pannagādhama) - O lowest of snakes (lowest of snakes, meanest snake)

Words meanings and morphology

लुब्धक (lubdhaka) - the hunter (hunter, fowler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lubdhaka

lubdhaka - hunter, fowler

from root lubh (to desire, to hunt)

Root: lubh (class 4)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

root vac (to speak), liṭ lakāra, parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - to be killed, worthy of death (to be killed, punishable, destined for death)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhya

vadhya - to be killed, punishable

Gerundive

root vadh (to strike, to kill) + ṇyat suffix

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: agrees with 'tvam' (you)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (the snake) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

मम (mama) - by me (my, by me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I (pronoun)

Note: Often used as an agent in passive constructions like 'vadhyaḥ mama'

दुर्बुद्धे (durbuddhe) - O evil-minded one (O evil-minded one, O foolish one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of durbuddhi

durbuddhi - evil-minded, foolish

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dus+buddhi)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  prefix
• buddhi – intellect, mind, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  from root budh (to know)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: agrees with implied 'you' (the snake)

बालघाती (bālaghātī) - child-killer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bālaghātin

bālaghātin - child-killer

Compound type : tatpurusha (bāla+ghātin)

• bāla – child, young
  noun (masculine)
• ghātin – killer, slayer
  noun (masculine)
  from root han (to strike, kill) + ṇini suffix
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: used as a vocative epithet for the snake

नृशंसकृत् (nṛśaṁsakṛt) - you cruel one, doer of cruelty (cruel, doing cruel acts, a cruel person)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsakṛt

nṛśaṁsakṛt - cruel, doing cruel acts

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛśaṃsa+kṛt)

• nṛśaṃsa – cruel, wicked
  adjective (masculine)
• kṛt – making, doing, maker, doer
  noun (masculine)
  from root kṛ (to do) + kvip suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: used as a vocative epithet for the snake

भाषसे (bhāṣase) - why do you speak (so much)? (you speak, you say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhāṣ

Present Middle

root bhāṣ (to speak), laṭ lakāra, ātmanepada

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

(indeclinable)

बहु (bahu) - much, a lot (much, many, abundant)

(adjective)

of bahu

bahu - much, many

Note: used adverbially with bhāṣase

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore (again, further, moreover)

(indeclinable)

वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - worthy of death (to be killed, punishable, destined for death)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhya

vadhya - to be killed, punishable

Gerundive

root vadh (to strike, to kill) + ṇyat suffix

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: agrees with 'tvam' (you)

सन् (san) - being (worthy of death) (being, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, true

Present Participle

root as (to be) + śatṛ suffix

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the implied 'you' (the snake)

पन्नगाधम (pannagādhama) - O lowest of snakes (lowest of snakes, meanest snake)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pannagādhama

pannagādhama - lowest of snakes

Compound type : tatpurusha (pannaga+adhama)

• pannaga – snake, reptile
  noun (masculine)
• adhama – lowest, meanest, worst
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Direct address to the snake