महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-1, verse-54

भीष्म उवाच ।
सर्पोऽथार्जुनकं प्राह श्रुतं ते मृत्युभाषितम् ।
नानागसं मां पाशेन संतापयितुमर्हसि ॥५४॥

54. bhīṣma uvāca ,
sarpo'thārjunakaṁ prāha śrutaṁ te mṛtyubhāṣitam ,
nānāgasaṁ māṁ pāśena saṁtāpayitumarhasi.

54. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | sarpaḥ atha arjunakam prāha śrutam te
mṛtyubhāṣitam | na anāgasam mām pāśena saṃtāpayitum arhasi

54. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atha sarpaḥ arjunakam prāha (He said to Arjunaka) te mṛtyubhāṣitam śrutam (is it heard by you,
Death's words?) (tvam) anāgasam mām pāśena saṃtāpayitum na arhasi

54. Bhishma spoke: Then the snake said to Arjunaka, 'Have you heard the words of Death? You ought not to torment me, an innocent one, with a noose.'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (the speaker) (Bhishma (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (said, spoke)

• सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - the snake (speaking) (snake, serpent)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, moreover, now)

• अर्जुनकम् (arjunakam) - to Arjunaka (the hunter) (Arjunaka (proper name, diminutive of Arjuna))

• प्राह (prāha) - said (to Arjunaka) (said, spoke, declared)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard (by you) (heard, listened, revealed scripture)

• ते (te) - by you (Arjunaka) (by you, to you, your (singular))

• मृत्युभाषितम् (mṛtyubhāṣitam) - the words of Death (the speech of Death)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अनागसम् (anāgasam) - innocent (me) (innocent, sinless, faultless)

• माम् (mām) - me (me (accusative))

• पाशेन (pāśena) - with a noose (with a noose, by a snare, with a bond)

• संतापयितुम् (saṁtāpayitum) - to torment (to torment, to pain, to cause distress)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (not to torment) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (the speaker) (Bhishma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name, 'the terrible')

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - the snake (speaking) (snake, serpent)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

from √sṛp + a

Root: sṛp (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, moreover, now)

(indeclinable)

अर्जुनकम् (arjunakam) - to Arjunaka (the hunter) (Arjunaka (proper name, diminutive of Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjunaka

arjunaka - Arjunaka (diminutive of Arjuna, name of a hunter)

प्राह (prāha) - said (to Arjunaka) (said, spoke, declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pra-ah

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Augmented form from √brū or √vac.

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard (by you) (heard, listened, revealed scripture)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, revealed (scripture)

Past Passive Participle

from √śru + kta

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Neuter singular nominative, implying 'what was heard'.

ते (te) - by you (Arjunaka) (by you, to you, your (singular))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

Note: Enclitic form, used as instrumental here.

मृत्युभाषितम् (mṛtyubhāṣitam) - the words of Death (the speech of Death)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mṛtyubhāṣita

mṛtyubhāṣita - speech of Death

Compound type : tatpurusha (mṛtyu+bhāṣita)

• mṛtyu – death
  noun (masculine)
  from √mṛ + tyu
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• bhāṣita – spoken, said, speech
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √bhāṣ + kta
  Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Compound meaning 'that which was spoken by Death'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अनागसम् (anāgasam) - innocent (me) (innocent, sinless, faultless)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anāgas

anāgas - innocent, sinless, faultless

from an- + āgas

Compound type : bahuvrihi (an+āgas)

• an – not, without
  indeclinable
• āgas – fault, offence, sin
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to 'mām'.

माम् (mām) - me (me (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

पाशेन (pāśena) - with a noose (with a noose, by a snare, with a bond)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāśa

pāśa - noose, snare, trap, bond

संतापयितुम् (saṁtāpayitum) - to torment (to torment, to pain, to cause distress)

(verb)

active, infinitive of saṃtāpayitum

Infinitive

from sam- + √tap (causative) + tumun

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (not to torment) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)