महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-1, verse-62

भीष्म उवाच ।
अथोपगम्य कालस्तु तस्मिन्धर्मार्थसंशये ।
अब्रवीत्पन्नगं मृत्युं लुब्धमर्जुनकं च तम् ॥६२॥

62. bhīṣma uvāca ,
athopagamya kālastu tasmindharmārthasaṁśaye ,
abravītpannagaṁ mṛtyuṁ lubdhamarjunakaṁ ca tam.

62. bhīṣma uvāca atha upagamya kālaḥ tu tasmin dharmārthasaṃśaye
abravīt pannagam mṛtyum lubdham arjunakam ca tam

62. bhīṣma uvāca atha tu kālaḥ tasmin dharmārthasaṃśaye
upagamya pannagam mṛtyum lubdham arjunakam ca tam abravīt

62. Bhishma said: Then, Time (kāla), having approached them amidst that dilemma concerning righteousness (dharma) and purpose, spoke to the serpent, to Death, to the hunter, and to Arjunaka (the deer).

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अथ (atha) - then, thereafter, now

• उपगम्य (upagamya) - having approached, having come near

• कालः (kālaḥ) - Time personified as a deity (Time, fate)

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, in this

• धर्मार्थसंशये (dharmārthasaṁśaye) - in the dilemma regarding dharma and purpose (in the doubt concerning righteousness (dharma) and purpose/wealth (artha))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• पन्नगम् (pannagam) - to the serpent

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - to Death personified (to Death)

• लुब्धम् (lubdham) - to the hunter

• अर्जुनकम् (arjunakam) - to Arjunaka (the deer)

• च (ca) - and

• तम् (tam) - that group, them (him, that)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in the Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice, parasmaipada. Irregular formation of the root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then, thereafter, now

(indeclinable)

Introduces a new topic or sequence.

उपगम्य (upagamya) - having approached, having come near

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix 'upa-' + root 'gam' + suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

कालः (kālaḥ) - Time personified as a deity (Time, fate)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, fate, destiny, appropriate moment

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Conjunction, often indicating a slight emphasis or contrast.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, in this

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Locative singular masculine/neuter of 'tad'.

Note: Agrees with 'dharmārthasaṃśaye'.

धर्मार्थसंशये (dharmārthasaṁśaye) - in the dilemma regarding dharma and purpose (in the doubt concerning righteousness (dharma) and purpose/wealth (artha))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharmārthasaṃśaya

dharmārthasaṁśaya - doubt regarding dharma and artha, dilemma concerning righteousness and purpose

Compound.

Compound type : dvandva (dharma+artha+saṃśaya)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, constitution, natural law
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object, aim
  noun (masculine)
• saṃśaya – doubt, uncertainty, dilemma
  noun (masculine)
  From 'sam-' + root 'śī' (to lie, doubt).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Denotes the location or context of the action.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect active

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, active voice, parasmaipada. Root 'brū'.

Root: brū (class 2)

पन्नगम् (pannagam) - to the serpent

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pannaga

pannaga - serpent, snake (literally 'moving on the ground')

Compound 'panna-ga' (one who goes having fallen or moved).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (panna+ga)

• panna – fallen, gone, moved
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'pad' (to go, fall).
  Root: pad (class 4)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'gam' (to go) + suffix '-a'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - to Death personified (to Death)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, Mortality (personified)

From root 'mṛ' (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

लुब्धम् (lubdham) - to the hunter

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lubdha

lubdha - greedy, covetous, eager; hunter

Past Passive Participle

From root 'lubh' (to desire, be greedy), used as a noun here.

Root: lubh (class 4)

अर्जुनकम् (arjunakam) - to Arjunaka (the deer)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjunaka

arjunaka - Arjunaka (a proper name, often a deer in fables)

Diminutive of Arjuna, or a different proper noun.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

तम् (tam) - that group, them (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, him, it

Accusative singular masculine of 'tad'.