महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-1, verse-12

तां चाब्रवीदयं ते स पुत्रहा पन्नगाधमः ।
ब्रूहि क्षिप्रं महाभागे वध्यतां केन हेतुना ॥१२॥

12. tāṁ cābravīdayaṁ te sa putrahā pannagādhamaḥ ,
brūhi kṣipraṁ mahābhāge vadhyatāṁ kena hetunā.

12. tām ca abravīt ayam te sa putrahā pannagādhamaḥ
brūhi kṣipram mahābhāge vadhyatām kena hetunā

12. ca tām abravīt ayam te sa putrahā pannagādhamaḥ
mahābhāge kṣipram brūhi kena hetunā vadhyatām

12. And he said to her, 'This, O illustrious lady, is that vile serpent, the killer of your son. Tell me quickly by what means or for what reason he should be put to death.'

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - to her (Gautamī) (her, that (feminine))

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (serpent) (this (one))

• ते (te) - your (feminine singular genitive) (to you, your (dual/plural dative/genitive, or singular dative/genitive))

• स (sa) - that (one, the known serpent) (he, that (one))

• पुत्रहा (putrahā) - killer of your son (son-killer, slayer of a son)

• पन्नगाधमः (pannagādhamaḥ) - vilest of serpents (vilest of serpents, lowest of snakes)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell me (tell!, say!)

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

• महाभागे (mahābhāge) - O illustrious lady (O illustrious lady, O fortunate one)

• वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - let him be killed, should he be killed (let him be killed, may he be slain)

• केन (kena) - by what (reason) (by whom, by what)

• हेतुना (hetunā) - for what reason (by reason, by cause, for a motive)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - to her (Gautamī) (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect active 3rd singular

From root brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Subject is the hunter Arjunaka.

अयम् (ayam) - this (serpent) (this (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

ते (te) - your (feminine singular genitive) (to you, your (dual/plural dative/genitive, or singular dative/genitive))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Possessive, 'your son's killer'.

स (sa) - that (one, the known serpent) (he, that (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पुत्रहा (putrahā) - killer of your son (son-killer, slayer of a son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putrahā

putrahā - son-killer, slayer of a son

From `putra` (son) and `han` (to strike, kill).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+han)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• han – killer, slayer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative for `ayam sa`.

पन्नगाधमः (pannagādhamaḥ) - vilest of serpents (vilest of serpents, lowest of snakes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pannagādhama

pannagādhama - vilest of snakes, lowest among serpents

From `pannaga` (serpent) + `adhama` (lowest, vilest).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pannaga+adhama)

• pannaga – serpent, snake
  noun (masculine)
• adhama – lowest, meanest, vilest, worst
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative for `ayam sa`.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell me (tell!, say!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative active 2nd singular

From root brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

(indeclinable)

महाभागे (mahābhāge) - O illustrious lady (O illustrious lady, O fortunate one)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of mahābhāgā

mahābhāgā - highly fortunate, illustrious, noble, excellent

From `mahā` (great) + `bhāga` (fortune, share).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bhāga)

• mahā – great, large, extensive
  adjective
• bhāga – share, portion, fortune, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - let him be killed, should he be killed (let him be killed, may he be slain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of vadh

Imperative passive 3rd singular

From root han (used in passive/causative `vadh`).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the serpent.

केन (kena) - by what (reason) (by whom, by what)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Interrogative pronoun.

हेतुना (hetunā) - for what reason (by reason, by cause, for a motive)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive, means

Root: hi (class 5)