महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-1, verse-64

अकरोद्यदयं कर्म तन्नोऽर्जुनक चोदकम् ।
प्रणाशहेतुर्नान्योऽस्य वध्यतेऽयं स्वकर्मणा ॥६४॥

64. akarodyadayaṁ karma tanno'rjunaka codakam ,
praṇāśaheturnānyo'sya vadhyate'yaṁ svakarmaṇā.

64. akarot yat ayam karma tat naḥ arjunaka codakam
praṇāśahetuḥ na anyaḥ asya vadhyate ayam svakarmaṇā

64. arjunaka yat ayam karma akarot tat naḥ codakam asya
praṇāśahetuḥ anyaḥ na ayam svakarmaṇā vadhyate

64. What this Arjunaka (the deer) did as his action (karma), that itself is our instigator, O Arjunaka. There is no other cause for his destruction; this one is killed by his own action (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• अकरोत् (akarot) - he did, he made

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed, consequence of action (karma)

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• नः (naḥ) - our (genitive) (our, to us)

• अर्जुनक (arjunaka) - O Arjunaka (the deer) (O Arjunaka)

• चोदकम् (codakam) - instigator, impeller, stimulator

• प्रणाशहेतुः (praṇāśahetuḥ) - cause of destruction, reason for perishing

• न (na) - not

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another

• अस्य (asya) - of this (deer) (his, of this one)

• वध्यते (vadhyate) - he is killed, he is slain

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he

• स्वकर्मणा (svakarmaṇā) - by his own action (karma)

Words meanings and morphology

अकरोत् (akarot) - he did, he made

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect active

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, active voice, parasmaipada. Root 'kṛ'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Nominative/Accusative singular neuter of 'yad'.

Note: Object of 'akarot'.

अयम् (ayam) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine of 'idam'.

कर्म (karma) - action, deed, consequence of action (karma)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, destiny, result of action (karma)

From root 'kṛ' (to do) + suffix '-man'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'akarot'.

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

नः (naḥ) - our (genitive) (our, to us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Genitive/Dative plural of 'asmad'.

Note: Possessive, referring to Time, Death, etc.

अर्जुनक (arjunaka) - O Arjunaka (the deer) (O Arjunaka)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arjunaka

arjunaka - Arjunaka (a proper name, often a deer in fables)

Diminutive of Arjuna, or a different proper noun.

Note: Addressed to the deer.

चोदकम् (codakam) - instigator, impeller, stimulator

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of codaka

codaka - instigator, impeller, stimulator, a prompter

From causal of root 'cud' (to urge, impel) + suffix '-aka'.

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Predicate for 'tat'.

प्रणाशहेतुः (praṇāśahetuḥ) - cause of destruction, reason for perishing

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praṇāśahetu

praṇāśahetu - cause of destruction, reason for perishing, destructive cause

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (praṇāśa+hetu)

• praṇāśa – destruction, ruin, perishing
  noun (masculine)
  From 'pra-' + root 'naś' (to perish, destroy).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: naś (class 4)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'hi' (to send, propel).
  Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Subject of implied 'is'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Pronominal adjective.

अस्य (asya) - of this (deer) (his, of this one)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Genitive singular masculine/neuter of 'idam'.

Note: Qualifies 'praṇāśahetuḥ'.

वध्यते (vadhyate) - he is killed, he is slain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vadh

Present passive

3rd person singular, present tense, passive voice, ātmanepada. Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill), with 'vadh' as the passive stem.

Root: han (class 2)

अयम् (ayam) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine of 'idam'.

स्वकर्मणा (svakarmaṇā) - by his own action (karma)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of svakarmaṇ

svakarmaṇ - one's own action, one's own duty, one's own fate (karma)

Compound noun 'sva' (own) + 'karma' (action).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+karma)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
  Pronominal adjective.
• karma – action, deed, consequence of action (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'kṛ' (to do) + suffix '-man'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agent in the passive construction (killed by his own karma).