महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-1, verse-19

गौतम्युवाच ।
न चैवार्तिर्विद्यतेऽस्मद्विधानां धर्मारामः सततं सज्जनो हि ।
नित्यायस्तो बालजनो न चास्ति धर्मो ह्येष प्रभवाम्यस्य नाहम् ॥१९॥

19. gautamyuvāca ,
na caivārtirvidyate'smadvidhānāṁ; dharmārāmaḥ satataṁ sajjano hi ,
nityāyasto bālajano na cāsti; dharmo hyeṣa prabhavāmyasya nāham.

19. gautamī uvāca | na ca eva ārtiḥ vidyate
asmat-vidhānām dharma-ārāmaḥ satatam sajjanaḥ
hi | nitya-āyastaḥ bālajanaḥ na ca asti
dharmaḥ hi eṣaḥ prabhavāmi asya na aham

19. gautamī uvāca asmat-vidhānām ārtiḥ ca eva na vidyate hi sajjanaḥ satatam dharma-ārāmaḥ nitya-āyastaḥ bālajanaḥ ca na asti hi eṣaḥ dharmaḥ; aham asya na prabhavāmi.

19. Gautami said: "No suffering exists for those like us. Indeed, a virtuous person constantly delights in their intrinsic nature (dharma). There is no ignorant person who is perpetually agitated. For this is the natural law (dharma), and I have no power over it."

Words meanings summery:

• गौतमी (gautamī) - Gautami (a female proper name, often a sage's wife or mother)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - even, indeed, just, only (emphatic particle)

• आर्तिः (ārtiḥ) - pain, suffering, distress, affliction

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is

• अस्मत्-विधानाम् (asmat-vidhānām) - for those like us (who follow the natural law) (for those like us, of our kind)

• धर्म-आरामः (dharma-ārāmaḥ) - one who delights in their intrinsic nature (dharma) (delighting in (dharma), one whose garden is (dharma))

• सततम् (satatam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• सज्जनः (sajjanaḥ) - a good person, virtuous person, righteous individual

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• नित्य-आयस्तः (nitya-āyastaḥ) - constantly troubled, perpetually agitated, always weary

• बालजनः (bālajanaḥ) - ignorant person (child, ignorant person, foolish person)

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masc. nom. sg.)

• प्रभवामि (prabhavāmi) - I have power over (I am capable of, I have power over, I originate from)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (natural law) (of this (masc./neut. gen. sg.))

• न (na) - not, no

• अहम् (aham) - I

Words meanings and morphology

गौतमी (gautamī) - Gautami (a female proper name, often a sage's wife or mother)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gautamī

gautamī - Gautami (proper name)

Feminine of Gotama

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एव (eva) - even, indeed, just, only (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

आर्तिः (ārtiḥ) - pain, suffering, distress, affliction

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ārti

ārti - pain, suffering, distress, affliction

From √ṛ (to go) with ā

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject of "vidyate"

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Middle

3rd person singular present middle of √vid (4th class)

Root: vid (class 4)

अस्मत्-विधानाम् (asmat-vidhānām) - for those like us (who follow the natural law) (for those like us, of our kind)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of asmadvidha

asmadvidha - like us, of our kind

Compound of asmat (us) and vidha (kind, sort)

Compound type : tatpurusha (asmad+vidha)

• asmad – us (form of 'I')
  pronoun
  Genitive plural of 'I', used here as the first part of a compound
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (feminine)
  From √dhā (to place) with vi (as prefix or derivative suffix)

Note: Refers to people following (dharma).

धर्म-आरामः (dharma-ārāmaḥ) - one who delights in their intrinsic nature (dharma) (delighting in (dharma), one whose garden is (dharma))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmārāma

dharmārāma - delighting in (dharma), one whose garden is (dharma)

Compound of dharma and ārāma (garden, pleasure-grove, delight)

Compound type : tatpurusha or bahuvrihi (dharma+ārāma)

• dharma – intrinsic nature, natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to support, uphold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ārāma – garden, pleasure-grove, delight, recreation
  noun (masculine)
  From √ram with ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with "sajjanaḥ"

सततम् (satatam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Ppp. of √tan with sa, but functions as adverb

Prefix: sa

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Adverbial usage

सज्जनः (sajjanaḥ) - a good person, virtuous person, righteous individual

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sajjana

sajjana - good person, virtuous individual

Compound of sat (good, true) and jana (person)

Compound type : karmadharaya (sat+jana)

• sat – good, true, existing
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  Present active participle of √as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• jana – person, man, creature
  noun (masculine)
  From √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the implicit verb "is".

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle

नित्य-आयस्तः (nitya-āyastaḥ) - constantly troubled, perpetually agitated, always weary

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nityāyasta

nityāyasta - constantly troubled, perpetually agitated, always weary

Compound of nitya (constant) and āyasta (troubled, weary, from √yas with ā)

Compound type : karmadharaya (nitya+āyasta)

• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual
  adjective (masculine)
• āyasta – troubled, weary, fatigued, agitated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Ppp. of √yas with ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yas (class 4)

Note: Agrees with "bālajanaḥ"

बालजनः (bālajanaḥ) - ignorant person (child, ignorant person, foolish person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bālajana

bālajana - child, ignorant person, foolish person

Compound of bāla (child, ignorant) and jana (person)

Compound type : karmadharaya (bāla+jana)

• bāla – child, young, ignorant, foolish
  adjective (masculine)
• jana – person, man, creature
  noun (masculine)
  From √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of "asti"

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

3rd person singular present active of √as (2nd class)

Root: as (class 2)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue

From √dhṛ (to support, uphold)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implicit verb "is".

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masc. nom. sg.)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular of etad

Note: Agrees with "dharmaḥ".

प्रभवामि (prabhavāmi) - I have power over (I am capable of, I have power over, I originate from)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prabhū

Present Active

1st person singular present active of √bhū with pra

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

अस्य (asya) - of this (natural law) (of this (masc./neut. gen. sg.))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Genitive singular masculine/neuter of idam

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates "prabhavāmi".

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

1st person singular pronoun

Note: Subject of "prabhavāmi".