महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-1, verse-45

सात्त्विका राजसाश्चैव तामसा ये च केचन ।
भावाः कालात्मकाः सर्वे प्रवर्तन्ते हि जन्तुषु ॥४५॥

45. sāttvikā rājasāścaiva tāmasā ye ca kecana ,
bhāvāḥ kālātmakāḥ sarve pravartante hi jantuṣu.

45. sāttvikāḥ rājasāḥ ca eva tāmasāḥ ye ca kecana
bhāvāḥ kālātmakāḥ sarve pravartante hi jantuṣu

45. ye ca kecana sāttvikāḥ rājasāḥ ca eva tāmasāḥ
bhāvāḥ sarve kālātmakāḥ hi jantuṣu pravartante

45. Whatever states (bhāva) are characterized by the quality of goodness (sattva), passion (rajas), or ignorance (tamas)—all such states are indeed temporal (kālātmaka) and manifest in living beings.

Words meanings summery:

• सात्त्विकाः (sāttvikāḥ) - belonging to sattva (goodness), good, pure, virtuous

• राजसाः (rājasāḥ) - belonging to rajas (passion), passionate, energetic

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• तामसाः (tāmasāḥ) - belonging to tamas (ignorance), ignorant, dark

• ये (ye) - which, whoever

• च (ca) - and, also

• केचन (kecana) - any, some, whatever

• भावाः (bhāvāḥ) - states, conditions, existences, feelings, natures

• कालात्मकाः (kālātmakāḥ) - having time as their essence, temporal, related to time

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - they proceed, they occur, they manifest, they are active

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• जन्तुषु (jantuṣu) - among living beings, in creatures

Words meanings and morphology

सात्त्विकाः (sāttvikāḥ) - belonging to sattva (goodness), good, pure, virtuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāttvika

sāttvika - relating to sattva, pure, good, virtuous

derived from sattva with the ṭhak suffix

Note: qualifies bhāvāḥ

राजसाः (rājasāḥ) - belonging to rajas (passion), passionate, energetic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājasa

rājasa - relating to rajas, passionate, energetic, active

derived from rajas with the aṇ suffix

Note: qualifies bhāvāḥ

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

तामसाः (tāmasāḥ) - belonging to tamas (ignorance), ignorant, dark

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāmasa

tāmasa - relating to tamas, ignorant, dark, dull

derived from tamas with the aṇ suffix

Note: qualifies bhāvāḥ

ये (ye) - which, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: referring to bhāvāḥ

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

केचन (kecana) - any, some, whatever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kecana

kecana - any, some, whoever, whatever

formed from interrogative pronoun ka and indeclinable cana

Note: referring to bhāvāḥ

भावाः (bhāvāḥ) - states, conditions, existences, feelings, natures

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhāva

bhāva - being, existence, state, condition, nature, feeling

from root bhū with aṇ suffix

Root: bhū (class 1)

कालात्मकाः (kālātmakāḥ) - having time as their essence, temporal, related to time

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kālātmaka

kālātmaka - having time as its nature or essence, temporal

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāla+ātman)

• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: qualifies bhāvāḥ

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: referring to bhāvāḥ

प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - they proceed, they occur, they manifest, they are active

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (lat) of pravṛt

present indicative

root vṛt with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

जन्तुषु (jantuṣu) - among living beings, in creatures

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of jantu

jantu - living being, creature, man