महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-1, verse-46

जङ्गमाः स्थावराश्चैव दिवि वा यदि वा भुवि ।
सर्वे कालात्मकाः सर्प कालात्मकमिदं जगत् ॥४६॥

46. jaṅgamāḥ sthāvarāścaiva divi vā yadi vā bhuvi ,
sarve kālātmakāḥ sarpa kālātmakamidaṁ jagat.

46. jaṅgamāḥ sthāvarāḥ ca eva divi vā yadi vā bhuvi
sarve kālātmakāḥ sarpa kālātmakam idam jagat

46. jaṅgamāḥ sthāvarāḥ ca eva divi vā yadi vā bhuvi
sarve kālātmakāḥ sarpa idam jagat kālātmakam

46. All moving and stationary beings, whether in the heavens or on earth—all of them are temporal (kālātmaka), O serpent. This entire world (jagat) is indeed temporal.

Words meanings summery:

• जङ्गमाः (jaṅgamāḥ) - moving, mobile beings

• स्थावराः (sthāvarāḥ) - stationary, immobile beings (e.g. plants)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• दिवि (divi) - in heaven, in the sky

• वा (vā) - or

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• वा (vā) - or

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, on the ground

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• कालात्मकाः (kālātmakāḥ) - having time as their essence, temporal, related to time

• सर्प (sarpa) - O serpent, O snake

• कालात्मकम् (kālātmakam) - having time as its essence, temporal

• इदम् (idam) - this

• जगत् (jagat) - world, universe

Words meanings and morphology

जङ्गमाः (jaṅgamāḥ) - moving, mobile beings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jaṅgama

jaṅgama - moving, mobile, animated, a living being

reduplicated from root gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: refers to moving beings (animate)

स्थावराः (sthāvarāḥ) - stationary, immobile beings (e.g. plants)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthāvara

sthāvara - stationary, immobile, fixed, a plant, a tree

from root sthā with varac suffix

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: refers to stationary beings (e.g., plants, mountains)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

दिवि (divi) - in heaven, in the sky

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of div

div - heaven, sky, day

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, place

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: referring to jaṅgamāḥ and sthāvarāḥ

कालात्मकाः (kālātmakāḥ) - having time as their essence, temporal, related to time

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kālātmaka

kālātmaka - having time as its nature or essence, temporal

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāla+ātman)

• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: qualifies sarve

सर्प (sarpa) - O serpent, O snake

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

Note: addressing the listener, likely a mythical serpent or a specific character

कालात्मकम् (kālātmakam) - having time as its essence, temporal

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kālātmaka

kālātmaka - having time as its nature or essence, temporal

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāla+ātman)

• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: qualifies jagat

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: referring to jagat

जगत् (jagat) - world, universe

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - moving, living; the world, universe

present participle of gam, used as a noun

Root: gam (class 1)