महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-1, verse-18

समीप्सन्तः कालयोगं त्यजन्ति सद्यः शुचं त्वर्थविदस्त्यजन्ति ।
श्रेयः क्षयः शोचतां नित्यशो हि तस्मात्त्याज्यं जहि शोकं हतेऽस्मिन् ॥१८॥

18. samīpsantaḥ kālayogaṁ tyajanti; sadyaḥ śucaṁ tvarthavidastyajanti ,
śreyaḥ kṣayaḥ śocatāṁ nityaśo hi; tasmāttyājyaṁ jahi śokaṁ hate'smin.

18. samīpsantaḥ kālayogam tyajanti sadyaḥ
śucam tu artha-vidaḥ tyajanti |
śreyaḥ kṣayaḥ śocatām nityaśaḥ hi
tasmāt tyājyam jahi śokam hate asmin

18. samīpsantaḥ kālayogam tyajanti,
tu artha-vidaḥ sadyaḥ śucam tyajanti hi nityaśaḥ śocatām śreyaḥ kṣayaḥ tasmāt asmin hate (sati) tyājyam śokam jahi.

18. Those who intensely desire (an outcome) often disregard the opportune moment. But those who understand the true purpose immediately abandon sorrow. Indeed, for those who constantly grieve, the cessation of (that grief) is always beneficial. Therefore, abandon this sorrow; it should be given up once this (snake) is killed.

Words meanings summery:

• समीप्सन्तः (samīpsantaḥ) - intensely desiring, wishing, seeking eagerly

• कालयोगम् (kālayogam) - the opportune moment (for calm deliberation) (opportune moment, proper timing, connection with time, destiny)

• त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they abandon, they give up, they relinquish

• सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately, instantly, at once

• शुचम् (śucam) - sorrow, grief, distress

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• अर्थ-विदः (artha-vidaḥ) - those who understand the true purpose (of things) (knowers of meaning, those who know the true purpose, wise people)

• त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they abandon, they give up, they relinquish

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - the cessation of (that grief) is beneficial (welfare, good, prosperity, ultimate good)

• क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - destruction, cessation, end, loss, decline

• शोचताम् (śocatām) - of those who grieve, of the sorrowful

• नित्यशः (nityaśaḥ) - always, constantly, perpetually

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• त्याज्यम् (tyājyam) - to be abandoned, to be given up, discardable

• जहि (jahi) - abandon, give up, relinquish (imperative)

• शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow, grief, distress

• हते (hate) - when killed, having been killed

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - when this (snake) (in this, when this (one))

Words meanings and morphology

समीप्सन्तः (samīpsantaḥ) - intensely desiring, wishing, seeking eagerly

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samīpsat

samīpsat - intensely desiring, seeking eagerly

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √āp with sam and desiderative suffix (-īpsa)

Prefix: sam

Root: āp (class 5)

कालयोगम् (kālayogam) - the opportune moment (for calm deliberation) (opportune moment, proper timing, connection with time, destiny)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kālayoga

kālayoga - union with time, opportune moment, proper timing, destiny

Compound of kāla (time) and yoga (union, conjunction)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+yoga)

• kāla – time, season
  noun (masculine)
• yoga – union, application, means, method, discipline
  noun (masculine)
  from √yuj
  Root: yuj (class 7)

त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they abandon, they give up, they relinquish

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of tyaj

Present Active

3rd person plural present active of √tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)

सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately, instantly, at once

(indeclinable)

Adverb

शुचम् (śucam) - sorrow, grief, distress

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śuc

śuc - sorrow, grief, distress

From √śuc (to grieve)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Object of "tyajanti"

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Adversative or emphatic particle

अर्थ-विदः (artha-vidaḥ) - those who understand the true purpose (of things) (knowers of meaning, those who know the true purpose, wise people)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of arthavid

arthavid - knowing the meaning, discerning, wise

Compound of artha (meaning, purpose) and vid (knower)

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+vid)

• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knowing, wise, knower
  adjective
  from √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they abandon, they give up, they relinquish

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of tyaj

Present Active

3rd person plural present active of √tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - the cessation of (that grief) is beneficial (welfare, good, prosperity, ultimate good)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - welfare, good, excellence, spiritual merit

Comparative adjective (better) used as a noun

Note: Used predicatively

क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - destruction, cessation, end, loss, decline

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, loss, end, cessation, decay

From √kṣi (to destroy, to wane)

Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence (implicitly "is")

शोचताम् (śocatām) - of those who grieve, of the sorrowful

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śocat

śocat - grieving, sorrowing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √śuc

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Used substantively to mean "of those who grieve"

नित्यशः (nityaśaḥ) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -śaḥ added to nitya

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of tad

Note: functions adverbially as "therefore"

त्याज्यम् (tyājyam) - to be abandoned, to be given up, discardable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tyājya

tyājya - to be abandoned, discardable, to be given up

Gerundive

Gerundive of √tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with "śokam".

जहि (jahi) - abandon, give up, relinquish (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of hā

Imperative Active

2nd person singular imperative active of √hā (3rd class)

Root: hā (class 3)

शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow, grief, distress

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

From √śuc (to grieve)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Object of "jahi"

हते (hate) - when killed, having been killed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - struck, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Ppp. of √han (to kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with "asmin".

अस्मिन् (asmin) - when this (snake) (in this, when this (one))

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Locative singular masculine of idam

Note: Refers to the snake.