योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-37, verse-14

तत्किमात्मनि बन्धाय विदग्धं न मुधाधमाः ।
स्पष्ट एवोपचयादेर्वस्तुन्यस्तमिताऽपदे ॥ १४ ॥

tatkimātmani bandhāya vidagdhaṃ na mudhādhamāḥ ,
spaṣṭa evopacayādervastunyastamitā'pade 14

14. tat kim ātmani bandhāya vidagdham na mudhā adhamāḥ
spaṣṭaḥ eva upacayādeḥ vastuni astamitā apade

14. adhamāḥ tat kim ātmani bandhāya vidagdham na mudhā
spaṣṭaḥ eva vastuni upacayādeḥ astamitā apade

14. Why, O foolish ones, would you use cleverness (vidagdham) concerning the self (ātman) for the purpose of bondage? Do not act in vain (mudhā)! It is clearly evident that the disappearance of any object, which begins with its accumulation, is without a solid foundation (apade).

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - what is the purpose of that? (that, what (as an interrogative particle))

• किम् (kim) - what? why? what for?

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - concerning the true self (ātman) (in the self, in the soul, in oneself)

• बन्धाय (bandhāya) - for the purpose of creating further entanglement (for bondage, for tying, for fettering)

• विदग्धम् (vidagdham) - cleverness, intellectual skill (used substantively or adverbially modifying an implied verb) (burnt, clever, skilled, purified)

• न (na) - not, no

• मुधा (mudhā) - in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly

• अधमाः (adhamāḥ) - address to those acting ignorantly (O wretched ones, O lowest ones, O foolish ones)

• स्पष्टः (spaṣṭaḥ) - clear, evident, distinct

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, exactly

• उपचयादेः (upacayādeḥ) - referring to things that grow or accumulate (from accumulation and so on, of accumulation and so on)

• वस्तुनि (vastuni) - in any created or perceived object (in an object, in a thing, in reality)

• अस्तमिता (astamitā) - the eventual cessation or disappearance of things (setting, disappearance, cessation)

• अपदे (apade) - lacking a stable foundation in reality (without a place, without a basis, unfounded)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - what is the purpose of that? (that, what (as an interrogative particle))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, this

Note: Often used to introduce a question or emphatic statement.

किम् (kim) - what? why? what for?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, who?, which?, why?

Note: Used as an interrogative adverb meaning 'why?' or 'what for?'.

आत्मनि (ātmani) - concerning the true self (ātman) (in the self, in the soul, in oneself)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual soul, essential nature

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Locative of reference or subject.

बन्धाय (bandhāya) - for the purpose of creating further entanglement (for bondage, for tying, for fettering)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of bandha

bandha - bondage, tie, fetter, attachment, imprisonment

From root `bandh` (to bind)

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Dative of purpose.

विदग्धम् (vidagdham) - cleverness, intellectual skill (used substantively or adverbially modifying an implied verb) (burnt, clever, skilled, purified)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vidagdha

vidagdha - clever, skillful, intelligent, learned, burnt up, refined

Past Passive Participle

From `vi` + root `dah` (to burn). Also used as 'clever' or 'skillful'.

Prefix: vi

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Refers to skill or cleverness in an abstract sense.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates the action or statement.

मुधा (mudhā) - in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form

Note: Adverb.

अधमाः (adhamāḥ) - address to those acting ignorantly (O wretched ones, O lowest ones, O foolish ones)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of adhama

adhama - lowest, worst, mean, wretched, foolish

Superlative form of `adha` (down)

स्पष्टः (spaṣṭaḥ) - clear, evident, distinct

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of spaṣṭa

spaṣṭa - clear, evident, distinct, plain, manifested

Past Passive Participle

From root `spṛś` (to touch) or `spaś` (to see)

Root: spaś (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, 'it is clear'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, exactly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

उपचयादेः (upacayādeḥ) - referring to things that grow or accumulate (from accumulation and so on, of accumulation and so on)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of upacayādi

upacayādi - accumulation, growth, increase, and so forth

From `upacaya` (accumulation) + `ādi` (beginning, etc.)

Compound type : tatpurusha (upacaya+ādi)

• upacaya – accumulation, increase, collection
  noun (masculine)
  From `upa` + `ci` (to gather)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: ci (class 5)
• ādi – beginning, starting with, and so forth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Ablative indicating origin 'from accumulation'.

वस्तुनि (vastuni) - in any created or perceived object (in an object, in a thing, in reality)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vastu

vastu - object, thing, substance, reality, essence

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Locative of place or subject.

अस्तमिता (astamitā) - the eventual cessation or disappearance of things (setting, disappearance, cessation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of astamita

astamita - set, disappeared, gone to rest, ceased

Past Passive Participle

From `astam` (setting, home) + root `i` (to go) + `kta` suffix.

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject of the implicit verb 'is'.

अपदे (apade) - lacking a stable foundation in reality (without a place, without a basis, unfounded)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of apada

apada - without a foot, without a place, baseless, without rank, improper

From `a` (negative) + `pada` (foot, place, basis)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+pada)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• pada – foot, step, place, state, word, position, basis
  noun (neuter)
  From root `pad` (to go)
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Used in locative singular, acting adverbially as a predicate.