योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-37, verse-13

तत्सद्भावान्महद्दुःखमसद्भावान्महत्सुखम् ।
अभावः सोपपत्तिस्तु दृढतां याति भावनात् ॥ १३ ॥

tatsadbhāvānmahadduḥkhamasadbhāvānmahatsukham ,
abhāvaḥ sopapattistu dṛḍhatāṃ yāti bhāvanāt 13

13. tat-sadbhāvāt mahat duḥkham asadbhāvāt mahat sukham
abhāvaḥ sa-upapattiḥ tu dṛḍhatām yāti bhāvanāt

13. tat-sadbhāvāt mahat duḥkham asadbhāvāt mahat sukham
tu sa-upapattiḥ abhāvaḥ bhāvanāt dṛḍhatām yāti

13. From its existence [referring to the cause of suffering or impermanent things], there is great sorrow. From its non-existence, there is great happiness. This non-existence, when accompanied by logical justification, attains firmness through contemplation (bhāvanā).

Words meanings summery:

• तत्-सद्भावात् (tat-sadbhāvāt) - from the existence of the cause of suffering (or impermanent things) (from its existence, from the reality of that)

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, immense

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery

• असद्भावात् (asadbhāvāt) - from the non-existence of the cause of suffering (or impermanent things) (from non-existence, from absence)

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, immense

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, ease, comfort

• अभावः (abhāvaḥ) - this non-existence (of the cause of suffering) (non-existence, absence, cessation)

• स-उपपत्तिः (sa-upapattiḥ) - with justification, accompanied by reasoning

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• दृढताम् (dṛḍhatām) - firmness, stability, strength

• याति (yāti) - goes, attains, reaches

• भावनात् (bhāvanāt) - from contemplation, from meditation, through cultivation

Words meanings and morphology

तत्-सद्भावात् (tat-sadbhāvāt) - from the existence of the cause of suffering (or impermanent things) (from its existence, from the reality of that)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tat-sadbhāva

tat-sadbhāva - its existence, the reality of that

Compound type : tatpurusha (tat+sadbhāva)

• tat – that, it
  pronoun (neuter)
• sadbhāva – existence, reality, being
  noun (masculine)
  From `sat` (being) + `bhāva` (state, existence)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, immense

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, noble

Present Active Participle

From root `mah` (to be great) or used as a primary adjective.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: It is neuter singular in nominative, agreeing with `duḥkham` and `sukham`.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness

Note: Predicate nominative.

असद्भावात् (asadbhāvāt) - from the non-existence of the cause of suffering (or impermanent things) (from non-existence, from absence)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of asadbhāva

asadbhāva - non-existence, absence, unreality

From `asat` (non-existent) + `bhāva` (state, existence)

Compound type : tatpurusha (asat+bhāva)

• asat – non-existent, unreal, bad
  adjective (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  From `a` (negative) + `sat` (being)
  Root: as (class 2)
• bhāva – existence, state, being, nature
  noun (masculine)
  From `bhū`
  Root: bhū (class 1)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, immense

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, noble

Present Active Participle

From root `mah` (to be great) or used as a primary adjective.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: It is neuter singular in nominative, agreeing with `sukham`.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, ease, comfort

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, ease, comfort, pleasure

Note: Predicate nominative.

अभावः (abhāvaḥ) - this non-existence (of the cause of suffering) (non-existence, absence, cessation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhāva

abhāva - non-existence, absence, cessation, privation

From `a` (negative) + `bhāva` (existence)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+bhāva)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• bhāva – existence, state, being, nature
  noun (masculine)
  From `bhū`
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of `yāti`.

स-उपपत्तिः (sa-upapattiḥ) - with justification, accompanied by reasoning

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sa-upapatti

sa-upapatti - with justification, accompanied by proof or reasoning

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+upapatti)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix `sa` (from `saha`).
• upapatti – justification, proof, reasoning, explanation, fitness
  noun (feminine)
  From `upa` + root `pad`
  Prefix: upa
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `abhāvaḥ`.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

दृढताम् (dṛḍhatām) - firmness, stability, strength

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dṛḍhatā

dṛḍhatā - firmness, stability, strength, rigidity

From `dṛḍha` (firm) + suffix `tā` (forming abstract noun)

Note: Object of `yāti`.

याति (yāti) - goes, attains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present active indicative

`yā` (root) + `ti` (3rd singular ending)

Root: yā (class 2)

भावनात् (bhāvanāt) - from contemplation, from meditation, through cultivation

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of bhāvanā

bhāvanā - contemplation, meditation, imagination, cultivation, dwelling upon

From root `bhū` (to be) + `ṇic` (causative) + `yu` (suffix forming feminine noun)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Denotes the cause or means.