योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-50, verse-27

मुख्यं कारणमात्मैव परमात्मावलोकने ।
अगाधे पतितं रत्नं रत्नेनैवावलोक्यते ॥ २७ ॥

mukhyaṃ kāraṇamātmaiva paramātmāvalokane ,
agādhe patitaṃ ratnaṃ ratnenaivāvalokyate 27

27. mukhyam kāraṇam ātmā eva paramātmāvalokane
agādhe patitam ratnam ratnena eva avalokyate

27. paramātmāvalokane ātmā eva mukhyam kāraṇam
agādhe patitam ratnam ratnena eva avalokyate

27. The Self (ātman) itself is the primary cause for the realization of the Supreme Self (paramātman). This is like a jewel, fallen into an unfathomable depth, which can only be seen by (the light of) another jewel.

Words meanings summery:

• मुख्यम् (mukhyam) - principal, chief, primary

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason, instrument

• आत्मा (ātmā) - the Self, soul, spirit

• एव (eva) - emphasizes that the Self is the *only* cause (alone, only, indeed, certainly)

• परमात्मावलोकने (paramātmāvalokane) - in the realization/perception of the Supreme Self

• अगाधे (agādhe) - referring to a deep, dark place where a jewel might fall (in the unfathomable, in the deep)

• पतितम् (patitam) - fallen, descended

• रत्नम् (ratnam) - a jewel, a precious stone

• रत्नेन (ratnena) - by means of another jewel (or its luster) (by a jewel)

• एव (eva) - emphasizes that *only* a jewel can see another jewel (alone, only, indeed)

• अवलोक्यते (avalokyate) - is seen, is perceived, is beheld

Words meanings and morphology

मुख्यम् (mukhyam) - principal, chief, primary

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mukhya

mukhya - principal, chief, main, foremost

Derived from 'mukha' (face, front) + 'ya' suffix.

Note: Agrees with 'kāraṇam'.

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason, instrument

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

From root kṛ (to do) with suffix ana.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

आत्मा (ātmā) - the Self, soul, spirit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - Self, soul, spirit, essence, life, individual soul

एव (eva) - emphasizes that the Self is the *only* cause (alone, only, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

परमात्मावलोकने (paramātmāvalokane) - in the realization/perception of the Supreme Self

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of paramātmāvalokana

paramātmāvalokana - realization of the Supreme Self, perception of the Supreme Self

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paramātman+avalokana)

• paramātman – Supreme Self, ultimate soul, Brahman
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'parama' (supreme) and 'ātman' (self).
• avalokana – seeing, beholding, perception, contemplation, realization
  noun (neuter)
  From root lok (to see) with prefix ava.
  Prefix: ava
  Root: lok (class 10)

अगाधे (agādhe) - referring to a deep, dark place where a jewel might fall (in the unfathomable, in the deep)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of agādha

agādha - unfathomable, deep, boundless, bottomless

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'gādha' (fordable, shallow).

Note: Agrees with the implied noun, e.g., 'sthāne' (place).

पतितम् (patitam) - fallen, descended

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, having fallen

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ratnam'.

रत्नम् (ratnam) - a jewel, a precious stone

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ratna

ratna - jewel, gem, precious stone, best of its kind

रत्नेन (ratnena) - by means of another jewel (or its luster) (by a jewel)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ratna

ratna - jewel, gem, precious stone

एव (eva) - emphasizes that *only* a jewel can see another jewel (alone, only, indeed)

(indeclinable)

अवलोक्यते (avalokyate) - is seen, is perceived, is beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of lok

Prefix: ava

Root: lok (class 10)