योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-50, verse-16

वर्तमानमनायासं भजद्वाह्यधिया क्षणम् ।
भूतं भविष्यदभजद्याति चित्तमचित्तताम् ॥ १६ ॥

vartamānamanāyāsaṃ bhajadvāhyadhiyā kṣaṇam ,
bhūtaṃ bhaviṣyadabhajadyāti cittamacittatām 16

16. vartamānam anāyāsam bhajat bāhya dhiyā kṣaṇam
bhūtam bhaviṣyat abhajat yāti cittam acittatām

16. When the mind, effortlessly, engages with the present moment through external perception, and does not dwell on the past or the future, it attains the state of no-mind (acittatā).

Words meanings summery:

• वर्तमानम् (vartamānam) - the present, that which is existing

• अनायासम् (anāyāsam) - effortlessly, easily, without exertion

• भजत् (bhajat) - resorting to, serving, engaging with

• बाह्य (bāhya) - external, outward

• धिया (dhiyā) - by thought, by intellect, by perception

• क्षणम् (kṣaṇam) - moment, instant

• भूतम् (bhūtam) - the past, that which has been

• भविष्यत् (bhaviṣyat) - the future, that which will be

• अभजत् (abhajat) - not resorting to, not serving

• याति (yāti) - goes, attains, reaches

• चित्तम् (cittam) - mind, consciousness

• अचित्तताम् (acittatām) - the state of no-mind, mindlessness

Words meanings and morphology

वर्तमानम् (vartamānam) - the present, that which is existing

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - present, existing, current

Present Active Participle

from '√vṛt' (to be, exist) + 'śānac' (ātmanepada participle suffix)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Acts as a noun, 'the present (time/moment)'.

अनायासम् (anāyāsam) - effortlessly, easily, without exertion

(indeclinable)

From 'an-' + 'ā-' + '√yas' (to exert) + 'ghaň' (suffix for verbal noun). Used adverbially here.

Prefixes: an+ā

Root: yas (class 4)

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

भजत् (bhajat) - resorting to, serving, engaging with

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhajat

bhajat - resorting to, serving, worshipping, experiencing

Present Active Participle

from '√bhaj' (to divide, obtain, resort to, serve) + 'śatṛ' (parasmaipada participle suffix)

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: The word form 'bhajat' can be masculine/neuter nominative singular. Here it agrees with 'cittam' (neuter).

बाह्य (bāhya) - external, outward

(adjective)

of bāhya

bāhya - external, outward, outside

from 'bahis' (outside) + 'ṇya' suffix

Note: Modifies 'dhiyā'.

धिया (dhiyā) - by thought, by intellect, by perception

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dhī

dhī - thought, intellect, understanding, perception, mind

from '√dhyai' (to meditate) or '√dhe' (to conceive)

Root: dhī

Note: Used in a compound, 'bāhyadhiyā'.

क्षणम् (kṣaṇam) - moment, instant

(indeclinable)

Root: kṣaṇ (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

भूतम् (bhūtam) - the past, that which has been

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhūta

bhūta - past, happened, created, a being, element

Past Passive Participle

from '√bhū' (to be, become) + 'kta' (participle suffix)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Acts as a noun, 'the past'.

भविष्यत् (bhaviṣyat) - the future, that which will be

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaviṣyat

bhaviṣyat - future, about to be

Future Active Participle

from '√bhū' (to be, become) + 'śatṛ' (future participle suffix). Equivalent to 'bhaviṣyatī' or 'bhaviṣyan'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Acts as a noun, 'the future'.

अभजत् (abhajat) - not resorting to, not serving

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of abhajat

abhajat - not resorting to, not serving, not engaging with

Negative Present Active Participle

from 'a-' (negation) + '√bhaj' (to resort to, serve) + 'śatṛ' (parasmaipada participle suffix)

Prefix: a

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: The word form 'abhajat' can be masculine/neuter nominative singular. Here it agrees with 'cittam' (neuter).

याति (yāti) - goes, attains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of yā

present indicative

third person singular present indicative active of '√yā'.

Root: yā (class 2)

चित्तम् (cittam) - mind, consciousness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of citta

citta - mind, consciousness, intellect, thought

derived from '√cit' (to perceive, observe, understand)

Root: cit (class 1)

अचित्तताम् (acittatām) - the state of no-mind, mindlessness

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of acittatā

acittatā - the state of no-mind, absence of mind, mindlessness

from 'a-citta' (mindless) + 'tā' (abstract suffix)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+citta+tā)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• citta – mind, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit (class 1)
• tā – state, condition, -ness
  suffix (feminine)
  abstract noun suffix

Note: Object of 'yāti'.

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