योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-50, verse-23

मनो यत्र तु तत्राशास्तत्र दुःखसुखानि च ।
सदा संनिधिमायान्ति श्मशान इव वायसाः ॥ २३ ॥

mano yatra tu tatrāśāstatra duḥkhasukhāni ca ,
sadā saṃnidhimāyānti śmaśāna iva vāyasāḥ 23

23. manaḥ yatra tu tatra āśāḥ tatra duḥkhasukhāni
ca sadā saṃnidhim āyānti śmaśāne iva vāyasāḥ

23. tu yatra manaḥ tatra āśāḥ ca tatra duḥkhasukhāni
sadā vāyasāḥ iva śmaśāne saṃnidhim āyānti

23. But where the mind exists, there are desires, and there also are pains and pleasures. These (desires, pains, and pleasures) always come close, just as crows gather at a cremation ground.

Words meanings summery:

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind (mind, intellect, heart)

• यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which, if, when)

• तु (tu) - but (but, yet, indeed, on the other hand)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that, then)

• आशाः (āśāḥ) - desires (desires, hopes, expectations)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that, then)

• दुःखसुखानि (duḥkhasukhāni) - pains and pleasures (pains and pleasures, sorrow and joy)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, constantly)

• संनिधिम् (saṁnidhim) - proximity (proximity, presence, nearness)

• आयान्ति (āyānti) - they come close, they approach (they approach, they come)

• श्मशाने (śmaśāne) - at a cremation ground (in a cremation ground, in a cemetery)

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• वायसाः (vāyasāḥ) - crows

Words meanings and morphology

मनः (manaḥ) - mind (mind, intellect, heart)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, understanding, heart, soul

From root `man` (to think).

Root: man

Note: Subject of implied 'asti' (is).

यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which, if, when)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from `yad` (which) + `tra` (suffix for place).

Note: Introduces a subordinate clause.

तु (tu) - but (but, yet, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that, then)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from `tad` (that) + `tra` (suffix for place).

आशाः (āśāḥ) - desires (desires, hopes, expectations)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of āśā

āśā - hope, desire, expectation, direction

From root `aś` (to obtain, pervade) + `ā` prefix and `ā` suffix.

Root: aś (class 5)

Note: Subject of implied 'santi' (are).

तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that, then)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from `tad` (that) + `tra` (suffix for place).

दुःखसुखानि (duḥkhasukhāni) - pains and pleasures (pains and pleasures, sorrow and joy)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of duḥkhasukha

duḥkhasukha - pain and pleasure, sorrow and joy

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (duḥkha+sukha)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, sorrow, misery
  noun (neuter)
  From `dus` (bad) + `kha` (opening of an axle hole, implying difficulty).
• sukha – pleasure, joy, happiness, ease
  noun (neuter)
  From `su` (good) + `kha`.

Note: Subject of implied 'santi'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects `āśāḥ` and `duḥkhasukhāni`.

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, constantly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from `sa` (with) + `dā` (time).

Note: Modifies `āyānti`.

संनिधिम् (saṁnidhim) - proximity (proximity, presence, nearness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃnidhi

saṁnidhi - proximity, nearness, presence, dwelling

From prefix `sam` + `ni` + root `dhā` (to place).

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of `āyānti` (approaching towards proximity).

आयान्ति (āyānti) - they come close, they approach (they approach, they come)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of āyā

Present tense, 3rd person plural.

From prefix `ā` + root `yā` (to go), present 3rd plural.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Subject is `āśāḥ` and `duḥkhasukhāni`.

श्मशाने (śmaśāne) - at a cremation ground (in a cremation ground, in a cemetery)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śmaśāna

śmaśāna - cremation ground, cemetery

Note: Location adverbial.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison.

वायसाः (vāyasāḥ) - crows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāyasa

vāyasa - a crow, raven

From root `vī` (to fly) or `vā` (to cry).

Root: vī

Note: Subject of `āyānti`.

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