वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-35, verse-53

अथ रक्षांसि भीमानि महान्ति बलवन्ति च ।
कथं चित् साम्पराये त्वां जयेयुः कपिसत्तम ॥५३॥

53. atha rakṣāṃsi bhīmāni mahānti balavanti ca ,
kathaṃ cit sāmparāye tvāṃ jayeyuḥ kapisattama.

53. atha rakṣāṃsi bhīmāni mahānti balavanti ca
katham cit sāmparāye tvām jayeyuḥ kapisattama

53. And then, O best of monkeys, how could those terrifying, mighty, and powerful demons possibly defeat you in battle?

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

• रक्षांसि (rakṣāṁsi) - demons, rākṣasas

• भीमानि (bhīmāni) - terrifying, dreadful

• महान्ति (mahānti) - great, mighty, large

• बलवन्ति (balavanti) - powerful, strong

• च (ca) - and

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• चित् (cit) - possibly, somehow (when combined with 'katham') (even, indeed, any)

• साम्पराये (sāmparāye) - in battle, in conflict

• त्वाम् (tvām) - Hanumān (as object) (you)

• जयेयुः (jayeyuḥ) - they might conquer, they might defeat

• कपिसत्तम (kapisattama) - O Hanumān, best among the monkeys (O best of monkeys)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to introduce a new sentence or thought.

रक्षांसि (rakṣāṁsi) - demons, rākṣasas

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, rākṣasa

Note: Subject of 'jayeyuḥ'.

भीमानि (bhīmāni) - terrifying, dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of bhīma

bhīma - terrifying, dreadful, formidable

Derived from root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'rakṣāṃsi'.

महान्ति (mahānti) - great, mighty, large

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of mahat

mahat - great, mighty, large, eminent

Note: Agrees with 'rakṣāṃsi'.

बलवन्ति (balavanti) - powerful, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of balavat

balavat - powerful, strong, mighty

Possessive suffix matup/vatup added to bala (strength).

Note: Agrees with 'rakṣāṃsi'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the adjectives.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

चित् (cit) - possibly, somehow (when combined with 'katham') (even, indeed, any)

(indeclinable)

Note: When following an interrogative (like 'katham'), it imparts an indefinite sense, 'somehow', 'possibly'.

साम्पराये (sāmparāye) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sāmparāya

sāmparāya - battle, conflict, encounter; future state

From sam-parā-i + a.

Root: i (class 2)

त्वाम् (tvām) - Hanumān (as object) (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of 'jayeyuḥ'.

जयेयुः (jayeyuḥ) - they might conquer, they might defeat

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of ji

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Plural

From root ji (class 1) in active voice.

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: The subject 'they' refers to 'rakṣāṃsi'.

कपिसत्तम (kapisattama) - O Hanumān, best among the monkeys (O best of monkeys)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kapisattama

kapisattama - best among monkeys

Compound of kapi (monkey) and sattama (best, excellent).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kapi+sattama)

• kapi – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent (superlative of sat)
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix tama applied to sat (good, existing).

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