वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-35, verse-12

अविन्ध्यो नाम मेधावी विद्वान् राक्षसपुंगवः ।
धृतिमाञ् शीलवान् वृद्धो रावणस्य सुसंमतः ॥१२॥

12. avindhyo nāma medhāvī vidvān rākṣasapuṃgavaḥ ,
dhṛtimāñ śīlavān vṛddho rāvaṇasya susaṃmataḥ.

12. avindhyaḥ nāma medhāvī vidvān rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ
dhṛtimān śīlavān vṛddhaḥ rāvaṇasya susaṃmataḥ

12. avindhyaḥ nāma medhāvī vidvān rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ
dhṛtimān śīlavān vṛddhaḥ rāvaṇasya susaṃmataḥ

12. There was a wise and learned chieftain among the rākṣasas named Avindhya, who was endowed with fortitude, good character, and advanced in years, and was highly esteemed by Rāvaṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• अविन्ध्यः (avindhyaḥ) - The proper name of a specific rākṣasa chief. (Avindhya (a proper name))

• नाम (nāma) - by name (used to introduce a proper name) (name, by name, indeed)

• मेधावी (medhāvī) - intelligent, having keen intellect (intelligent, wise, sagacious)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - knowledgeable, erudite (learned, scholarly, wise)

• राक्षसपुङ्गवः (rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ) - a prominent leader among the rākṣasas (a bull among rākṣasas, best of rākṣasas, chieftain of rākṣasas)

• धृतिमान् (dhṛtimān) - possessing great fortitude and steadfastness (firm, steady, resolute, possessing fortitude)

• शीलवान् (śīlavān) - possessing good character and moral conduct (virtuous, well-behaved, moral, good-natured)

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - advanced in age (old, aged, grown, increased)

• रावणस्य (rāvaṇasya) - belonging to or associated with Rāvaṇa (of Rāvaṇa)

• सुसंमतः (susaṁmataḥ) - very much respected and approved of by Rāvaṇa (highly esteemed, well-respected, much approved)

Words meanings and morphology

अविन्ध्यः (avindhyaḥ) - The proper name of a specific rākṣasa chief. (Avindhya (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avindhya

avindhya - Avindhya (proper name); not to be pierced or found

Negation (a-) of √vidh (to pierce, find) + ya suffix

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vindhya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vindhya – to be pierced, found; Vindhya (mountain range)
  noun (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From √vidh + -ya
  Root: vidh (class 7)

नाम (nāma) - by name (used to introduce a proper name) (name, by name, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an indeclinable particle meaning 'by name' or 'indeed'.

मेधावी (medhāvī) - intelligent, having keen intellect (intelligent, wise, sagacious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of medhāvin

medhāvin - intelligent, wise, sagacious, possessing intellect

From medhā (intellect) + -vin (possessive suffix)

विद्वान् (vidvān) - knowledgeable, erudite (learned, scholarly, wise)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - learned, knowing, wise

Perfect Active Participle

From √vid (to know) + -vas suffix

Root: vid (class 2)

राक्षसपुङ्गवः (rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ) - a prominent leader among the rākṣasas (a bull among rākṣasas, best of rākṣasas, chieftain of rākṣasas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasapuṅgava

rākṣasapuṅgava - best of rākṣasas, chieftain of rākṣasas

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+puṅgava)

• rākṣasa – a demon, an evil being
  noun (masculine)
  From rakṣas (harm, injury) + a (denoting belonging to)
• puṅgava – a bull; best, chief, excellent (used as a suffix for pre-eminence)
  noun (masculine)

धृतिमान् (dhṛtimān) - possessing great fortitude and steadfastness (firm, steady, resolute, possessing fortitude)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtimat

dhṛtimat - firm, steady, resolute, possessing fortitude

From dhṛti (firmness, fortitude) + -mat (possessive suffix)

शीलवान् (śīlavān) - possessing good character and moral conduct (virtuous, well-behaved, moral, good-natured)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śīlavat

śīlavat - virtuous, well-behaved, moral, good-natured

From śīla (character, conduct) + -vat (possessive suffix)

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - advanced in age (old, aged, grown, increased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

From √vṛdh (to grow) + -ta

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Here used adjectivally to describe a person's age.

रावणस्य (rāvaṇasya) - belonging to or associated with Rāvaṇa (of Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper name, king of Laṅkā)

सुसंमतः (susaṁmataḥ) - very much respected and approved of by Rāvaṇa (highly esteemed, well-respected, much approved)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of susaṃmata

susaṁmata - highly esteemed, well-respected, much approved

Past Passive Participle

From su (well) + sam (together, completely) + √man (to think, believe) + -ta

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+saṃmata)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'good' or 'very'
• saṃmata – respected, esteemed, approved, agreed upon
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam + √man (to think) + -ta
  Prefix: sam
  Root: man (class 4)

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