महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-50, verse-43

बभूवुर्विमलाः सर्वा दिशो राजन्समन्ततः ।
चाषाश्च शतपत्राश्च क्रौञ्चाश्चैव जनेश्वर ।
प्रदक्षिणमकुर्वन्त तदा वै पाण्डुनन्दनम् ॥४३॥

43. babhūvurvimalāḥ sarvā diśo rājansamantataḥ ,
cāṣāśca śatapatrāśca krauñcāścaiva janeśvara ,
pradakṣiṇamakurvanta tadā vai pāṇḍunandanam.

43. babhūvuḥ vimalāḥ sarvāḥ diśaḥ rājan
samantataḥ cāṣāḥ ca śatapatrāḥ ca
krauñcāḥ ca eva janeśvara pradakṣiṇam
akurvanta tadā vai pāṇḍunandanam

43. rājan janeśvara,
samantataḥ sarvāḥ diśaḥ vimalāḥ babhūvuḥ.
tadā vai cāṣāḥ ca śatapatrāḥ ca krauñcāḥ ca eva pāṇḍunandanam pradakṣiṇam akurvanta.

43. O King, O Lord of men, all directions everywhere became clear and pure. Then, kingfishers, cuckoos, and cranes indeed circumambulated the son of Pandu (Arjuna) clockwise.

Words meanings summery:

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became, they were

• विमलाः (vimalāḥ) - clear, pure, spotless

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters

• राजन् (rājan) - Vocative, addressing the listener. (O king)

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around, everywhere

• चाषाः (cāṣāḥ) - kingfishers (birds)

• च (ca) - and

• शतपत्राः (śatapatrāḥ) - cuckoos, woodpeckers, specific birds

• च (ca) - and

• क्रौञ्चाः (krauñcāḥ) - cranes (birds)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - Null, emphatic particle. (indeed, certainly, even)

• जनेश्वर (janeśvara) - Vocative, addressing the listener. (O Lord of men, O ruler of people)

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise), auspicious turning

• अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - they did, they made, they performed

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• वै (vai) - Null, emphatic particle. (indeed, surely, verily)

• पाण्डुनन्दनम् (pāṇḍunandanam) - Arjuna (the son of Pandu)

Words meanings and morphology

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Perfect tense

Perfect third person plural active voice of root bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

विमलाः (vimalāḥ) - clear, pure, spotless

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vimala

vimala - spotless, pure, clear, clean

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+mala)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
  Often used as a prefix.
• mala – dirt, impurity, stain
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `diśaḥ`.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with `diśaḥ`.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Subject of `babhūvuḥ`.

राजन् (rājan) - Vocative, addressing the listener. (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around, everywhere

(indeclinable)

चाषाः (cāṣāḥ) - kingfishers (birds)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cāṣa

cāṣa - kingfisher (bird)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शतपत्राः (śatapatrāḥ) - cuckoos, woodpeckers, specific birds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śatapatra

śatapatra - cuckoo, woodpecker, a bird with a hundred leaves (feathers)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śata+patra)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• patra – leaf, feather, wing
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

क्रौञ्चाः (krauñcāḥ) - cranes (birds)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of krauñca

krauñca - crane (bird)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Null, emphatic particle. (indeed, certainly, even)

(indeclinable)

जनेश्वर (janeśvara) - Vocative, addressing the listener. (O Lord of men, O ruler of people)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janeśvara

janeśvara - lord of men, ruler of people

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+īśvara)

• jana – man, person, people
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise), auspicious turning

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradakṣiṇa

pradakṣiṇa - circumambulation (clockwise), auspicious turning, right-hand side

Note: Acts as an adverbial accusative here, 'they performed pradakṣiṇa'.

अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - they did, they made, they performed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect tense

Imperfect third person plural middle voice of root kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: With `pradakṣiṇam`, means 'they circumambulated'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - Null, emphatic particle. (indeed, surely, verily)

(indeclinable)

पाण्डुनन्दनम् (pāṇḍunandanam) - Arjuna (the son of Pandu)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍunandana

pāṇḍunandana - son of Pandu

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+nandana)

• pāṇḍu – Pandu (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, delighting
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root nand (to rejoice)
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Object of `akurvanta`.