महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-50, verse-2

ततोऽब्रवीद्वासुदेवः प्रहसन्निव पाण्डवम् ।
कथं नाम भवेदेतद्यदि त्वं पार्थ धर्मजम् ।
असिना तीक्ष्णधारेण हन्या धर्मे व्यवस्थितम् ॥२॥

2. tato'bravīdvāsudevaḥ prahasanniva pāṇḍavam ,
kathaṁ nāma bhavedetadyadi tvaṁ pārtha dharmajam ,
asinā tīkṣṇadhāreṇa hanyā dharme vyavasthitam.

2. tataḥ abravīt vāsudevaḥ prahasan iva
pāṇḍavam | katham nāma bhavet etat
yadi tvam pārtha dharmajām | asinā
tīkṣṇadhāreṇa hanyāḥ dharme vyavasthitam

2. tataḥ vāsudevaḥ prahasan iva pāṇḍavam abravīt pārtha,
yadi tvam tīkṣṇadhāreṇa asinā dharme vyavasthitam dharmajām hanyāḥ,
etat katham nāma bhavet

2. Then Vasudeva (Krishna), as if smiling, said to Arjuna (Pāṇḍava): "How could this possibly happen, if you, Arjuna (Pārtha), were to strike down Yudhishthira (Dharmaja), who is established in righteousness (dharma), with a sharp-edged sword?"

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

• वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vasudeva (Krishna)

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - smiling, laughing

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Arjuna (son of Pāṇḍu)

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, possibly (emphatic particle)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - it would be, it should be

• एतत् (etat) - this

• यदि (yadi) - if

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• पार्थ (pārtha) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī)

• धर्मजाम् (dharmajām) - Yudhishthira (son of Dharma)

• असिना (asinā) - with a sword

• तीक्ष्णधारेण (tīkṣṇadhāreṇa) - with a sharp edge, sharp-edged

• हन्याः (hanyāḥ) - you would kill, you should kill

• धर्मे (dharme) - in righteousness, in natural law (dharma)

• व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - established, situated

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of abravīt

Imperfect Active

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice, from root 'brū'.

Root: brū (class 2)

वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vasudeva (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva, an epithet of Krishna

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - smiling, laughing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasant

has - to laugh, to smile

Present Active Participle

Present active participle (śatṛ) formed from the root 'has' with upasarga 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Arjuna (son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava (referring to Arjuna here)

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - indeed, possibly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

भवेत् (bhavet) - it would be, it should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhavet

Optative Active

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice, from root 'bhū'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this, that

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

पार्थ (pārtha) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), an epithet of Arjuna

धर्मजाम् (dharmajām) - Yudhishthira (son of Dharma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmaja

dharmaja - born of dharma, son of Dharma (an epithet of Yudhishthira)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+ja)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan

असिना (asinā) - with a sword

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of asi

asi - sword, scimitar

तीक्ष्णधारेण (tīkṣṇadhāreṇa) - with a sharp edge, sharp-edged

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tīkṣṇadhāra

tīkṣṇadhāra - sharp-edged

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tīkṣṇa+dhāra)

• tīkṣṇa – sharp, keen, piercing
  adjective (masculine)
• dhāra – edge (of a weapon), stream, current
  noun (masculine)

हन्याः (hanyāḥ) - you would kill, you should kill

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of hanyāḥ

Optative Active

Optative mood, 2nd person singular, active voice, from root 'han'.

Root: han (class 2)

धर्मे (dharme) - in righteousness, in natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution (dharma)

Root: dhṛ

व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - established, situated

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyavasthita

sthā - to stand, to be situated

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle formed from the root 'sthā' with upasargas 'vi' and 'ava'.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)