महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-50, verse-16

सोऽहं ज्ञात्वा रणे तस्य कर्म दृष्ट्वा च फल्गुन ।
व्यवसीदामि दुःखेन न च मे जीवितं प्रियम् ॥१६॥

16. so'haṁ jñātvā raṇe tasya karma dṛṣṭvā ca phalguna ,
vyavasīdāmi duḥkhena na ca me jīvitaṁ priyam.

16. saḥ aham jñātvā raṇe tasya karma dṛṣṭvā ca phalguna
vyavasīdāmi duḥkhena na ca me jīvitam priyam

16. phalguna! saḥ aham raṇe tasya karma jñātvā ca dṛṣṭvā (ca),
duḥkhena vyavasīdāmi,
ca me jīvitam priyam na (asti).

16. Having known and seen his action (karma) in battle, O Phalguna, I am overcome with sorrow, and my life is no longer dear to me.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• अहम् (aham) - I

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• कर्म (karma) - deed, action, work (karma)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• च (ca) - and, also

• फल्गुन (phalguna) - O Phalguna (Arjuna)

• व्यवसीदामि (vyavasīdāmi) - I despair, I am disheartened, I sink down

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, with pain

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living

• प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved, agreeable

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the speaker.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Subject of the sentence.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root √jñā (to know) with suffix -tvā.

Root: jñā (class 9)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, conflict

From root √raṇ (to sound, shout, rejoice, fight).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Genitive singular masculine form.

Note: Possessive, modifies 'karma'.

कर्म (karma) - deed, action, work (karma)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

From root √kṛ (to do, make) with suffix '-man'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root √dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

फल्गुन (phalguna) - O Phalguna (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Phalguna (a name of Arjuna); a particular asterism; a tree

Arjuna was born under the asterism Phalguni.

व्यवसीदामि (vyavasīdāmi) - I despair, I am disheartened, I sink down

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of sad

Present 1st singular

From root √sad (to sit, sink, despair) with upasargas 'vi' and 'ava'.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: The main verb of the first clause.

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, with pain

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, unhappiness

Compound of 'dus' (bad, difficult) and 'kha' (axle-hole, space, happiness).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (dus+kha)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• kha – space, sky, emptiness; pleasure, happiness
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Enclitic form of asmad.

Note: Equivalent to 'mama' (genitive) or 'mahyam' (dative).

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, livelihood; alive

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root √jīv (to live) with suffix -ta.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Functions as a noun here.

प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved, agreeable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable, one's own

From root √prī (to please, love).

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: The verb 'asti' (is) is implied here.