महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-50, verse-42

तं प्रयान्तं महेष्वासं दृष्ट्वा भूतानि भारत ।
निहतं मेनिरे कर्णं पाण्डवेन महात्मना ॥४२॥

42. taṁ prayāntaṁ maheṣvāsaṁ dṛṣṭvā bhūtāni bhārata ,
nihataṁ menire karṇaṁ pāṇḍavena mahātmanā.

42. tam prayāntam maheṣvāsam dṛṣṭvā bhūtāni bhārata
nihatam menire karṇam pāṇḍavena mahātmanā

42. bhārata,
tam maheṣvāsam prayāntam dṛṣṭvā bhūtāni karṇam mahātmanā pāṇḍavena nihatam menire

42. O Bharata, seeing him, the great archer, go forth, all beings considered Karna already slain by the great-souled Pandava (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Arjuna) (him, that)

• प्रयान्तम् (prayāntam) - going forth, proceeding, moving

• महेष्वासम् (maheṣvāsam) - great archer, one with a great bow

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures, elements

• भारत (bhārata) - O King Dhritarashtra or general address to a descendant of Bharata. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bharata)

• निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed

• मेनिरे (menire) - they thought, they believed, they considered

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (proper name)

• पाण्डवेन (pāṇḍavena) - by Arjuna (by the son of Pandu, by the Pandava)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by Arjuna (by the great-souled one, by the magnanimous one)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Arjuna) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

प्रयान्तम् (prayāntam) - going forth, proceeding, moving

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prayānt

prayānt - going forth, proceeding

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of pra-i (to go forth).

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `tam`.

महेष्वासम् (maheṣvāsam) - great archer, one with a great bow

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, having a great bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+iṣvāsa)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• iṣvāsa – bow (specifically, arrow-shooting-instrument)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of iṣu (arrow) + āsa (throwing).

Note: Agrees with `tam`. Refers to Arjuna.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures, elements

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root bhū (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of `menire`.

भारत (bhārata) - O King Dhritarashtra or general address to a descendant of Bharata. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata

निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of ni-han (to strike down, kill).

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to Karna, functions as a complement to `menire`.

मेनिरे (menire) - they thought, they believed, they considered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of man

Perfect tense

Perfect third person plural middle voice of root man.

Root: man (class 4)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper name)

Note: Object of `menire` in the sense of 'considered Karna to be...'.

पाण्डवेन (pāṇḍavena) - by Arjuna (by the son of Pandu, by the Pandava)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, Pandava

Note: Agent of the action `nihatam`.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by Arjuna (by the great-souled one, by the magnanimous one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `pāṇḍavena`.