महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-50, verse-10

उवाच भरतश्रेष्ठ प्रसीदेति पुनः पुनः ।
क्षमस्व राजन्यत्प्रोक्तं धर्मकामेन भीरुणा ॥१०॥

10. uvāca bharataśreṣṭha prasīdeti punaḥ punaḥ ,
kṣamasva rājanyatproktaṁ dharmakāmena bhīruṇā.

10. uvāca bharataśreṣṭha prasīda iti punaḥ punaḥ
kṣamasva rājan yat proktam dharmakāmena bhīruṇā

10. bharataśreṣṭha punaḥ punaḥ iti uvāca rājan
yat dharmakāmena bhīruṇā proktam tat kṣamasva

10. O best among the Bhāratas, he (Arjuna) said again and again, 'Be gracious! O king, forgive what was spoken by a fearful person desiring natural law (dharma).'

Words meanings summery:

• उवाच (uvāca) - he (Arjuna) said (he said, he spoke)

• भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of the Bhārata dynasty (vocative addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O best of Bhāratas, O most excellent among the Bhāratas)

• प्रसीद (prasīda) - be gracious (imperative command from Arjuna to Yudhiṣṭhira) (be gracious, be pleased, forgive)

• इति (iti) - quotation marker for the preceding words (thus, so, in this manner (quotation marker))

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more)

• क्षमस्व (kṣamasva) - forgive (imperative command from Arjuna to Yudhiṣṭhira) (forgive, bear with, have patience)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (vocative addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) (O king, O ruler)

• यत् (yat) - what (referring to the statement made by Arjuna) (what, which, that)

• प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - what was spoken (by Arjuna) (spoken, said, uttered)

• धर्मकामेन (dharmakāmena) - by one (Arjuna) desiring natural law (dharma) (by one desiring dharma, by one wishing for righteousness)

• भीरुणा (bhīruṇā) - by a fearful person (Arjuna, referring to himself) (by a fearful one, by a timid person)

Words meanings and morphology

उवाच (uvāca) - he (Arjuna) said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of the Bhārata dynasty (vocative addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O best of Bhāratas, O most excellent among the Bhāratas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best of Bhāratas, most excellent among the descendants of Bharata

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, an Indian
  proper noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, most distinguished
  adjective
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent)

प्रसीद (prasīda) - be gracious (imperative command from Arjuna to Yudhiṣṭhira) (be gracious, be pleased, forgive)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of pra-sad

Imperative active 2nd singular

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

इति (iti) - quotation marker for the preceding words (thus, so, in this manner (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated to form 'again and again'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated to form 'again and again'.

क्षमस्व (kṣamasva) - forgive (imperative command from Arjuna to Yudhiṣṭhira) (forgive, bear with, have patience)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of kṣam

Imperative middle 2nd singular

Root: kṣam (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O king (vocative addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) (O king, O ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

यत् (yat) - what (referring to the statement made by Arjuna) (what, which, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Serves as the object of 'kṣamasva'.

प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - what was spoken (by Arjuna) (spoken, said, uttered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prokta

prokta - spoken, declared, told

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'vac' (to speak) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'yat'.

धर्मकामेन (dharmakāmena) - by one (Arjuna) desiring natural law (dharma) (by one desiring dharma, by one wishing for righteousness)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmakāma

dharmakāma - desiring dharma, wishing for righteousness

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+kāma)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• kāma – desire, wish, love, longing
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīruṇā' and refers to Arjuna.

भीरुणा (bhīruṇā) - by a fearful person (Arjuna, referring to himself) (by a fearful one, by a timid person)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīru

bhīru - fearful, timid, coward

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.