महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-31, verse-7

कथं पाण्डुसुताश्चापि प्रत्यव्यूहन्त मामकान् ।
कथं चैतन्महायुद्धं प्रावर्तत सुदारुणम् ॥७॥

7. kathaṁ pāṇḍusutāścāpi pratyavyūhanta māmakān ,
kathaṁ caitanmahāyuddhaṁ prāvartata sudāruṇam.

7. katham pāṇḍusutāḥ ca api prati avyūhanta māmakān
katham ca etat mahāyuddham pra āvartata sudāruṇam

7. katham ca pāṇḍusutāḥ api māmakān prati avyūhanta?
ca katham etat sudāruṇam mahāyuddham pra āvartata?

7. And how, furthermore, did the sons of Pandu (Pandu-sutas) array themselves against my warriors? And how did this exceedingly dreadful great battle commence?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• पाण्डुसुताः (pāṇḍusutāḥ) - the sons of Pandu, the Pandavas

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, indeed

• प्रति (prati) - against, towards

• अव्यूहन्त (avyūhanta) - they arrayed, they deployed

• मामकान् (māmakān) - my men, my people, those belonging to me

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• च (ca) - and, also

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• महायुद्धम् (mahāyuddham) - great war/battle

• प्र (pra) - forth, forward, beginning

• आवर्तत (āvartata) - it turned, it proceeded, it commenced

• सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - very dreadful, exceedingly terrible

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

पाण्डुसुताः (pāṇḍusutāḥ) - the sons of Pandu, the Pandavas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍusuta

pāṇḍusuta - son of Pandu, a Pandava

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'son of Pandu'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paṇḍu+suta)

• paṇḍu – Pandu (name of the father of the Pandavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son, offspring
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root `sū` (to give birth), used as a noun.
  Root: sū (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, indeed

(indeclinable)

प्रति (prati) - against, towards

(indeclinable)

Prefix for `avyūhanta`.

Note: Acts as an upasarga to the verb `avyūhanta`.

अव्यूहन्त (avyūhanta) - they arrayed, they deployed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of ūh

Imperfect Middle

3rd person plural, ātmanepada. From root `ūh` with prefix `vi`.

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

मामकान् (māmakān) - my men, my people, those belonging to me

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of māmaka

māmaka - my, mine, belonging to me, my men (often referring to Dhritarashtra's sons/allies)

Derived from `mama` (my) with suffix `kan`.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that, such

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to `mahāyuddham`.

महायुद्धम् (mahāyuddham) - great war/battle

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahāyuddha

mahāyuddha - great war, great battle

Karmadhāraya compound: 'great' + 'battle'.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+yuddha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Combining form of `mahat`.
• yuddha – battle, war, fight
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root `yudh` (to fight), used as a noun.
  Root: yudh (class 4)

प्र (pra) - forth, forward, beginning

(indeclinable)

Prefix for `āvartata`.

Note: Acts as an upasarga to the verb `āvartata`.

आवर्तत (āvartata) - it turned, it proceeded, it commenced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect Middle

3rd person singular, ātmanepada. From root `vṛt` with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - very dreadful, exceedingly terrible

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very dreadful, exceedingly terrible, extremely cruel

Intensifier `su` + `dāruṇa`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix.
• dāruṇa – dreadful, terrible, fierce, cruel
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Describes `mahāyuddham`.