महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-31, verse-14

चतुस्त्रिंशत्सहस्राणि रथानामनिवर्तिनाम् ।
संशप्तका युद्धशौण्डा वामं पार्श्वमपालयन् ॥१४॥

14. catustriṁśatsahasrāṇi rathānāmanivartinām ,
saṁśaptakā yuddhaśauṇḍā vāmaṁ pārśvamapālayan.

14. catustriṃśat sahasrāṇi rathānām anivartinām
saṃśaptakāḥ yuddhaśauṇḍāḥ vāmam pārśvam apālayan

14. catustriṃśat sahasrāṇi rathānām yuddhaśauṇḍāḥ
anivartinām saṃśaptakāḥ vāmam pārśvam apālayan

14. Thirty-four thousand Samshaptakas, fierce in battle and never retreating, protected the left flank with their chariots.

Words meanings summery:

• चतुस्त्रिंशत् (catustriṁśat) - thirty-four

• सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

• रथानाम् (rathānām) - of chariots

• अनिवर्तिनाम् (anivartinām) - of the non-retreating, of those who do not turn back

• संशप्तकाः (saṁśaptakāḥ) - the Samshaptakas (oath-bound warriors)

• युद्धशौण्डाः (yuddhaśauṇḍāḥ) - fierce in battle, skilled in war

• वामम् (vāmam) - left

• पार्श्वम् (pārśvam) - flank, side

• अपालयन् (apālayan) - they protected

Words meanings and morphology

चतुस्त्रिंशत् (catustriṁśat) - thirty-four

(indeclinable)

Note: cardinal numeral

सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sahasra

sahasra - a thousand

Note: Acts as an adjective to the unstated number of Samshaptaka warriors, or can be taken in apposition.

रथानाम् (rathānām) - of chariots

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, warrior fighting from a chariot

अनिवर्तिनाम् (anivartinām) - of the non-retreating, of those who do not turn back

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of anivartin

anivartin - not turning back, not retreating, firm, steadfast

agent noun derived from verb

negated agent noun from root vṛt with prefix ni

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nivartin)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• nivartin – one who turns back, retreats
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  agent noun from root vṛt with prefix ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'saṃśaptakāḥ' or 'rathānām' implying warriors of non-retreating nature or chariots of such warriors.

संशप्तकाः (saṁśaptakāḥ) - the Samshaptakas (oath-bound warriors)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃśaptaka

saṁśaptaka - a sworn ally, a warrior who has taken an oath to fight to the death

from sam + śap 'to swear'

Prefix: sam

Root: śap (class 1)

युद्धशौण्डाः (yuddhaśauṇḍāḥ) - fierce in battle, skilled in war

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yuddhaśauṇḍa

yuddhaśauṇḍa - expert in war, fierce in battle, war-seasoned

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (yuddha+śauṇḍa)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (used as noun)
  from root yudh 'to fight'
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• śauṇḍa – addicted to, fond of, skilled in, fierce
  adjective

Note: Modifies 'saṃśaptakāḥ'

वामम् (vāmam) - left

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vāma

vāma - left, left-hand, adverse, charming

Note: Modifies 'pārśvam'

पार्श्वम् (pārśvam) - flank, side

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pārśva

pārśva - side, flank, vicinity

अपालयन् (apālayan) - they protected

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pālay

causative/denominal verb from root pā 'to protect'

Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Refers to the Samshaptakas