महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-31, verse-10

संजय उवाच ।
शृणु व्यूहस्य रचनामर्जुनश्च यथा गतः ।
परिदाय नृपं तेभ्यः संग्रामश्चाभवद्यथा ॥१०॥

10. saṁjaya uvāca ,
śṛṇu vyūhasya racanāmarjunaśca yathā gataḥ ,
paridāya nṛpaṁ tebhyaḥ saṁgrāmaścābhavadyathā.

10. saṃjaya uvāca śṛṇu vyūhasya racanām arjunaḥ ca yathā
gataḥ paridāya nṛpam tebhyaḥ saṃgrāmaḥ ca abhavat yathā

10. saṃjaya uvāca vyūhasya racanām śṛṇu ca yathā arjunaḥ
gataḥ nṛpam tebhyaḥ paridāya ca yathā saṃgrāmaḥ abhavat

10. Saṃjaya said: Listen to the formation of the battle array, and how Arjuna went, leaving the king to them, and how the battle ensued.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• व्यूहस्य (vyūhasya) - of the battle array (of the array, of the formation)

• रचनाम् (racanām) - formation (formation, arrangement, composition)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (proper noun)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• यथा (yathā) - how (as, how, in which manner)

• गतः (gataḥ) - went (gone, proceeded, arrived)

• परिदाय (paridāya) - having abandoned/left (having given, having entrusted, having abandoned)

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - the king (Yudhīṣṭhira) (king, ruler)

• तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to them (the Kauravas/enemies) (to them, for them)

• संग्रामः (saṁgrāmaḥ) - battle, war, conflict

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अभवत् (abhavat) - took place (was, became, happened)

• यथा (yathā) - how (as, how, in which manner)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - victorious, conqueror; a proper name

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

व्यूहस्य (vyūhasya) - of the battle array (of the array, of the formation)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vyūha

vyūha - military array, formation, arrangement

from vi-ūh

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

रचनाम् (racanām) - formation (formation, arrangement, composition)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of racanā

racanā - arrangement, formation, composition, creation

from √rac

Root: rac (class 10)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, clear; a proper name

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - how (as, how, in which manner)

(indeclinable)

गतः (gataḥ) - went (gone, proceeded, arrived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, arrived

Past Passive Participle

from √gam

Root: gam (class 1)

परिदाय (paridāya) - having abandoned/left (having given, having entrusted, having abandoned)

(verb)

active

absolutive

from √dā with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: dā (class 3)

नृपम् (nṛpam) - the king (Yudhīṣṭhira) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to them (the Kauravas/enemies) (to them, for them)

(pronoun)

masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Here dative of purpose/recipient (for them to guard/attack)

संग्रामः (saṁgrāmaḥ) - battle, war, conflict

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict, encounter

from saṃ-grām (√gram 'to go' with saṃ-)

Prefix: sam

Root: gram

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अभवत् (abhavat) - took place (was, became, happened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - how (as, how, in which manner)

(indeclinable)