महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-31, verse-19

अयोरत्निर्महाबाहुः सूर्यवैश्वानरद्युतिः ।
महाद्विपस्कन्धगतः पिङ्गलः प्रियदर्शनः ।
दुःशासनो वृतः सैन्यैः स्थितो व्यूहस्य पृष्ठतः ॥१९॥

19. ayoratnirmahābāhuḥ sūryavaiśvānaradyutiḥ ,
mahādvipaskandhagataḥ piṅgalaḥ priyadarśanaḥ ,
duḥśāsano vṛtaḥ sainyaiḥ sthito vyūhasya pṛṣṭhataḥ.

19. ayoratniḥ mahābāhuḥ sūryavaiśvānaradyutiḥ
mahādvipaskandhagataḥ piṅgalaḥ
priyadarśanaḥ duḥśāsanaḥ vṛtaḥ
sainyaiḥ sthitaḥ vyūhasya pṛṣṭhataḥ

19. ayoratniḥ mahābāhuḥ sūryavaiśvānaradyutiḥ
mahādvipaskandhagataḥ piṅgalaḥ
priyadarśanaḥ duḥśāsanaḥ sainyaiḥ
vṛtaḥ vyūhasya pṛṣṭhataḥ sthitaḥ

19. Duḥśāsana, who had iron armlets and mighty arms, whose radiance was like the sun and fire, who rode on the shoulder of a great elephant, tawny-colored, and of pleasing appearance, stood surrounded by his troops at the rear of the battle formation.

Words meanings summery:

• अयोरत्निः (ayoratniḥ) - with an iron forearm/armlets; strong-armed

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed, great-armed

• सूर्यवैश्वानरद्युतिः (sūryavaiśvānaradyutiḥ) - having the splendor of the sun and fire

• महाद्विपस्कन्धगतः (mahādvipaskandhagataḥ) - mounted on the shoulder of a great elephant

• पिङ्गलः (piṅgalaḥ) - tawny, reddish-brown, yellowish

• प्रियदर्शनः (priyadarśanaḥ) - of pleasing appearance, pleasant to behold

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana (name of a Kuru prince)

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, chosen

• सैन्यैः (sainyaiḥ) - by armies, by troops, by soldiers

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing, situated, firm

• व्यूहस्य (vyūhasya) - of the battle array, of the formation

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - at the rear, behind, from the back

Words meanings and morphology

अयोरत्निः (ayoratniḥ) - with an iron forearm/armlets; strong-armed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ayoratni

ayoratni - having an iron forearm/armlet

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ayas+aratni)

• ayas – iron, metal
  noun (neuter)
• aratni – forearm, elbow
  noun (masculine)

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed, great-armed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

सूर्यवैश्वानरद्युतिः (sūryavaiśvānaradyutiḥ) - having the splendor of the sun and fire

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūryavaiśvānaradyuti

sūryavaiśvānaradyuti - having the radiance of the sun and fire

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sūrya+vaiśvānara+dyuti)

• sūrya – sun
  noun (masculine)
• vaiśvānara – relating to all men, fire, Agni
  noun (masculine)
• dyuti – splendor, light, brilliance
  noun (feminine)

महाद्विपस्कन्धगतः (mahādvipaskandhagataḥ) - mounted on the shoulder of a great elephant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādvipaskandhagata

mahādvipaskandhagata - gone to/mounted on the shoulder of a great elephant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+dvipa+skandha+gata)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• dvipa – elephant (lit. "drinker twice")
  noun (masculine)
• skandha – shoulder, trunk, branch
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, arrived, being in
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: gam (class 1)

पिङ्गलः (piṅgalaḥ) - tawny, reddish-brown, yellowish

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of piṅgala

piṅgala - tawny, reddish-brown, yellow

प्रियदर्शनः (priyadarśanaḥ) - of pleasing appearance, pleasant to behold

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priyadarśana

priyadarśana - of pleasing sight, handsome, amiable

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (priya+darśana)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective
• darśana – seeing, appearance, sight
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana (name of a Kuru prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (name), difficult to rule

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, chosen

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, chosen, covered

Past Passive Participle

Root: vṛ (class 5)

सैन्यैः (sainyaiḥ) - by armies, by troops, by soldiers

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - army, troop, soldier

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing, situated, firm

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, situated, firm

Past Passive Participle

Root: sthā (class 1)

व्यूहस्य (vyūhasya) - of the battle array, of the formation

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vyūha

vyūha - battle array, formation, arrangement

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - at the rear, behind, from the back

(indeclinable)

From pṛṣṭha (back) + suffix -tas