महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-31, verse-38

अयं स रथ आयाति श्वेताश्वः कृष्णसारथिः ।
निघ्नन्नमित्रान्कौन्तेयो यं यं त्वं परिपृच्छसि ॥३८॥

38. ayaṁ sa ratha āyāti śvetāśvaḥ kṛṣṇasārathiḥ ,
nighnannamitrānkaunteyo yaṁ yaṁ tvaṁ paripṛcchasi.

38. ayam saḥ rathaḥ āyāti śvetāśvaḥ kṛṣṇasārathiḥ
nighnan amitrān kaunteyaḥ yam yam tvam paripṛcchasi

38. saḥ rathaḥ āyāti ayam śvetāśvaḥ kṛṣṇasārathiḥ
amitrān nighnan kaunteyaḥ yam yam tvam paripṛcchasi

38. That is the chariot approaching, drawn by white horses and with Kṛṣṇa as its charioteer. This is Kaunteya (Arjuna), slaying his enemies, whom you keep inquiring about.

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - this (chariot/Kaunteya) (this (masculine))

• सः (saḥ) - that (chariot previously mentioned) (that, he)

• रथः (rathaḥ) - chariot

• आयाति (āyāti) - comes, approaches

• श्वेताश्वः (śvetāśvaḥ) - describing Arjuna's chariot (having white horses)

• कृष्णसारथिः (kṛṣṇasārathiḥ) - describing Arjuna's chariot/Arjuna (having Kṛṣṇa as charioteer)

• निघ्नन् (nighnan) - slaying enemies (slaying, striking down)

• अमित्रान् (amitrān) - enemies

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kuntī; Arjuna)

• यम् (yam) - whom (Arjuna) (whom, which)

• यम् (yam) - whom (Arjuna) (whom, which)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Karṇa) (you)

• परिपृच्छसि (paripṛcchasi) - you ask, you inquire

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - this (chariot/Kaunteya) (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the chariot or implicitly to Kaunteya.

सः (saḥ) - that (chariot previously mentioned) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Adjective modifying rathaḥ.

रथः (rathaḥ) - chariot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

Note: Subject of āyāti.

आयाति (āyāti) - comes, approaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āyā

Present Active

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root 'yā' with upasarga 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

श्वेताश्वः (śvetāśvaḥ) - describing Arjuna's chariot (having white horses)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvetāśva

śvetāśva - having white horses

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śveta+aśva)

• śveta – white
  adjective (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Kaunteya/Arjuna or his chariot.

कृष्णसारथिः (kṛṣṇasārathiḥ) - describing Arjuna's chariot/Arjuna (having Kṛṣṇa as charioteer)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇasārathi

kṛṣṇasārathi - having Kṛṣṇa as charioteer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛṣṇa+sārathi)

• kṛṣṇa – Kṛṣṇa; black, dark
  proper noun (masculine)
• sārathi – charioteer
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sa
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Kaunteya/Arjuna or his chariot.

निघ्नन् (nighnan) - slaying enemies (slaying, striking down)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nighnat

nighnat - slaying, killing, striking down

Present Active Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill) with upasarga 'ni'. Present participle, masculine, singular, nominative.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Adjective modifying Kaunteyaḥ.

अमित्रान् (amitrān) - enemies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mitra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• mitra – friend
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of nighnan.

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kuntī; Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī (a proper name for Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīmasena)

Patronymic from Kuntī

Note: Subject of the implicit verb "is".

यम् (yam) - whom (Arjuna) (whom, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: The relative pronoun, repeated for emphasis.

यम् (yam) - whom (Arjuna) (whom, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: The relative pronoun, repeated for emphasis.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Karṇa) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of paripṛcchasi.

परिपृच्छसि (paripṛcchasi) - you ask, you inquire

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of paripṛcch

Present Active

Present tense, 2nd person singular, active voice. Root 'prach' (to ask) with upasarga 'pari'.

Prefix: pari

Root: prach (class 6)