महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-31, verse-56

एष संशप्तकाहूतस्तानेवाभिमुखो गतः ।
करोति कदनं चैषां संग्रामे द्विषतां बली ।
इति ब्रुवाणं मद्रेशं कर्णः प्राहातिमन्युमान् ॥५६॥

56. eṣa saṁśaptakāhūtastānevābhimukho gataḥ ,
karoti kadanaṁ caiṣāṁ saṁgrāme dviṣatāṁ balī ,
iti bruvāṇaṁ madreśaṁ karṇaḥ prāhātimanyumān.

56. eṣaḥ saṃśaptakāhūtaḥ tān eva abhimukhaḥ
gataḥ karoti kadanam ca eṣām
saṃgrāme dviṣatām balī iti bruvāṇam
madreśam karṇaḥ pra āha atimanyumān

56. eṣaḥ saṃśaptakāhūtaḥ tān eva
abhimukhaḥ gataḥ eṣām dviṣatām saṃgrāme
kadanam ca karoti iti bruvāṇam
madreśam atimanyumān karṇaḥ pra āha

56. Śalya said: "This powerful (Arjuna), having been challenged by the Saṃśaptakas, has gone to face them and is indeed causing great destruction to these enemies in battle." To the king of Madra (Śalya), who was speaking thus, Karṇa, filled with excessive anger, replied.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (Arjuna) (this, he)

• संशप्तकाहूतः (saṁśaptakāhūtaḥ) - challenged by the Saṃśaptaka warriors (challenged by the Saṃśaptakas)

• तान् (tān) - those (Saṃśaptakas) (those)

• एव (eva) - indeed, exactly those (indeed, only, exactly)

• अभिमुखः (abhimukhaḥ) - facing (them) (facing, turned towards)

• गतः (gataḥ) - having gone (to them) (gone, arrived, resorted to)

• करोति (karoti) - is causing (does, makes, performs)

• कदनम् (kadanam) - great destruction (slaughter, destruction, havoc)

• च (ca) - and indeed (and, also)

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (enemies) (of these)

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of the enemies (of enemies, of haters)

• बली (balī) - the powerful one (Arjuna) (powerful, strong one)

• इति (iti) - thus (referring to the preceding statement) (thus, in this manner (marks a quote))

• ब्रुवाणम् (bruvāṇam) - who was speaking (these words) (speaking, saying)

• मद्रेशम् (madreśam) - to the king of Madra (Śalya) (to the lord of Madra)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

• प्र (pra) - (prefix to āha, indicating speaking forth or clearly) (forth, forward, pre-)

• आह (āha) - replied, said (said, spoke)

• अतिमन्युमान् (atimanyumān) - filled with excessive anger (very wrathful, full of excessive anger)

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (Arjuna) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

संशप्तकाहूतः (saṁśaptakāhūtaḥ) - challenged by the Saṃśaptaka warriors (challenged by the Saṃśaptakas)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaptakāhūta

saṁśaptakāhūta - challenged/called by the Saṃśaptakas

Compound of 'saṃśaptaka' and 'āhūta'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃśaptaka+āhūta)

• saṃśaptaka – one who has sworn a solemn oath (especially to conquer or die in battle)
  noun (masculine)
• āhūta – called, invoked, challenged
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √hvā (to call) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hvā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with eṣaḥ (Arjuna).

तान् (tān) - those (Saṃśaptakas) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the Saṃśaptakas.

एव (eva) - indeed, exactly those (indeed, only, exactly)

(indeclinable)

अभिमुखः (abhimukhaḥ) - facing (them) (facing, turned towards)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhimukha

abhimukha - facing, turned towards, confronting

Compound of 'abhi' (prefix) and 'mukha' (face).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (abhi+mukha)

• abhi – towards, against, over
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with eṣaḥ (Arjuna).

गतः (gataḥ) - having gone (to them) (gone, arrived, resorted to)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, passed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with eṣaḥ (Arjuna).

करोति (karoti) - is causing (does, makes, performs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कदनम् (kadanam) - great destruction (slaughter, destruction, havoc)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kadana

kadana - slaughter, destruction, havoc

Root: kad (class 1)

Note: Object of karoti.

च (ca) - and indeed (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here for emphasis.

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (enemies) (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to the enemies.

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict

Prefix: sam

Root: gram (class 1)

द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of the enemies (of enemies, of haters)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dviṣat

dviṣat - enemy, hater

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √dviṣ (to hate).

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Agrees with eṣām.

बली (balī) - the powerful one (Arjuna) (powerful, strong one)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty

Derived from 'bala' (strength) with 'in' suffix.

Note: Agrees with eṣaḥ (Arjuna).

इति (iti) - thus (referring to the preceding statement) (thus, in this manner (marks a quote))

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवाणम् (bruvāṇam) - who was speaking (these words) (speaking, saying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bruvāṇa

bruvāṇa - speaking, saying

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root √brū (to speak) with śānac suffix.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Modifies madreśam.

मद्रेशम् (madreśam) - to the king of Madra (Śalya) (to the lord of Madra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madreśa

madreśa - lord of Madra, king of Madra

Compound of 'madra' (name of a country) and 'īśa' (lord).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (madra+īśa)

• madra – Madra (name of a country)
  proper noun (neuter)
• īśa – lord, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Object of pra āha.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a warrior), ear

Note: Subject of pra āha.

प्र (pra) - (prefix to āha, indicating speaking forth or clearly) (forth, forward, pre-)

(indeclinable)

Note: Combines with āha.

आह (āha) - replied, said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect tense form of √brū or √ah.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Often used as historical present.

अतिमन्युमान् (atimanyumān) - filled with excessive anger (very wrathful, full of excessive anger)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atimanyumat

atimanyumat - very wrathful, full of excessive anger

Derived from 'atimanyu' (excessive anger) with the possessive suffix 'matup'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa-derived (ati+manyu)

• ati – excessive, beyond, over
  indeclinable
• manyu – anger, wrath, passion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with Karṇaḥ.