महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-9, verse-59

उत्सङ्ग इव संवृद्धं द्रुपदस्यास्त्रवित्तमम् ।
शैखण्डिनं क्षत्रदेवं के तं द्रोणादवारयन् ॥५९॥

59. utsaṅga iva saṁvṛddhaṁ drupadasyāstravittamam ,
śaikhaṇḍinaṁ kṣatradevaṁ ke taṁ droṇādavārayan.

59. utsaṅga iva saṃvṛddham drupadasya astra-vit-tamam
śaikhaṇḍinam kṣatra-devam ke tam droṇāt avārayan

59. ke utsaṅga iva saṃvṛddham drupadasya astra-vit-tamam
kṣatra-devam tam śaikhaṇḍinam droṇāt avārayan

59. Which heroes restrained that Śikhaṇḍin, who was raised like a son on Drupada's lap, the most excellent knower of weapons (astra), and a deity among kṣatriyas, from Drona?

Words meanings summery:

• उत्सङ्ग (utsaṅga) - lap, bosom, embrace

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• संवृद्धम् (saṁvṛddham) - grown up, nourished, brought up

• द्रुपदस्य (drupadasya) - of Drupada

• अस्त्र-वित्-तमम् (astra-vit-tamam) - the most excellent knower of weapons (astra)

• शैखण्डिनम् (śaikhaṇḍinam) - Śikhaṇḍin

• क्षत्र-देवम् (kṣatra-devam) - a deity among kṣatriyas, a divine kṣatriya

• के (ke) - who, which (plural)

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• द्रोणात् (droṇāt) - from Drona

• अवारयन् (avārayan) - they restrained, they prevented, they held back

Words meanings and morphology

उत्सङ्ग (utsaṅga) - lap, bosom, embrace

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utsaṅga

utsaṅga - lap, bosom, embrace, fold

Note: Part of a simile 'utsaṅga iva' (like on a lap/like a son).

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates comparison.

संवृद्धम् (saṁvṛddham) - grown up, nourished, brought up

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvṛddha

saṁvṛddha - grown up, increased, nourished, brought up

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √vṛdh (to grow) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Śikhaṇḍin.

द्रुपदस्य (drupadasya) - of Drupada

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of drupada

drupada - Drupada (proper name, king of Pañcāla)

अस्त्र-वित्-तमम् (astra-vit-tamam) - the most excellent knower of weapons (astra)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of astra-vit-tama

astra-vit-tama - most excellent knower of weapons

Superlative compound, derived from astra-vit (knower of weapons) + -tama (superlative suffix)

Compound type : tatpurusha (astra+vit+tama)

• astra – missile, weapon
  noun (neuter)
• vit – knowing, one who knows
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• tama – most, best (superlative suffix)
  adjective
  Superlative suffix

Note: Qualifies Śikhaṇḍin.

शैखण्डिनम् (śaikhaṇḍinam) - Śikhaṇḍin

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaikhaṇḍin

śaikhaṇḍin - Śikhaṇḍin (proper name, a warrior in the Mahābhārata)

Patronymic from Śikhaṇḍā

Note: Object of 'avārayan'.

क्षत्र-देवम् (kṣatra-devam) - a deity among kṣatriyas, a divine kṣatriya

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣatra-deva

kṣatra-deva - deity among kṣatriyas, a kṣatriya comparable to a god

Tatpuruṣa compound: kṣatra (warrior class) + deva (god)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣatra+deva)

• kṣatra – warrior class, dominion, power
  noun (neuter)
• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Śikhaṇḍin.

के (ke) - who, which (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

Note: Interrogative pronoun, subject of 'avārayan'.

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Śikhaṇḍin.

द्रोणात् (droṇāt) - from Drona

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (proper name)

Note: Indicates separation or prevention from Drona.

अवारयन् (avārayan) - they restrained, they prevented, they held back

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ava-√vṛ

Imperfect

Root √vṛ with prefix ava-

Prefix: ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)