महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-9, verse-7

यत्तदुद्यन्निवादित्यो ज्योतिषा प्रणुदंस्तमः ।
आयादजातशत्रुर्वै कस्तं द्रोणादवारयत् ॥७॥

7. yattadudyannivādityo jyotiṣā praṇudaṁstamaḥ ,
āyādajātaśatrurvai kastaṁ droṇādavārayat.

7. yat tat udyan iva ādityaḥ jyotiṣā praṇudan tamaḥ
āyāt ajātaśatruḥ vai kaḥ tam droṇāt avārayat

7. vai yat tat ajātaśatruḥ ādityaḥ iva udyan jyotiṣā
tamaḥ praṇudan āyāt kaḥ tam droṇāt avārayat

7. Who was it, indeed, Ajātaśatru (Yudhiṣṭhira), who came like the rising sun, dispelling darkness with his radiance? Who could prevent him from confronting Droṇa?

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which, who, that

• तत् (tat) - that, he

• उद्यन् (udyan) - rising, ascending

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - the sun, a son of Aditi

• ज्योतिषा (jyotiṣā) - by light, by brilliance

• प्रणुदन् (praṇudan) - dispelling, pushing away, driving forth

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, ignorance

• आयात् (āyāt) - came, arrived

• अजातशत्रुः (ajātaśatruḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (one who has no born enemies)

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• तम् (tam) - Yudhiṣṭhira (him, that)

• द्रोणात् (droṇāt) - From Droṇa (the preceptor) (from Droṇa (a measure, a tree))

• अवारयत् (avārayat) - prevented, stopped, warded off

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which, who, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, that, what

Note: Refers to Ajātaśatru.

तत् (tat) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Emphasizes yat.

उद्यन् (udyan) - rising, ascending

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udyat

udyat - rising, ascending, beginning

present active participle

Present participle of ud-√i (class 2 Parasmaipada) 'to rise'

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies ādityaḥ.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - the sun, a son of Aditi

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, son of Aditi, a god

ज्योतिषा (jyotiṣā) - by light, by brilliance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jyotis

jyotis - light, radiance, star, celestial body

प्रणुदन् (praṇudan) - dispelling, pushing away, driving forth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praṇudat

praṇudat - dispelling, driving away, pushing forward

present active participle

Present participle of pra-√ṇud (class 6 Parasmaipada) 'to push, to drive away'

Prefix: pra

Root: ṇud (class 6)

Note: Qualifies Ajātaśatru (implied subject).

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, ignorance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, a quality of nature (guṇa)

आयात् (āyāt) - came, arrived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of āyā

Imperfect Active

Imperfect 3rd person singular of ā-√yā (class 2 Parasmaipada)

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

अजातशत्रुः (ajātaśatruḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (one who has no born enemies)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajātaśatru

ajātaśatru - one who has no born enemies

Bahuvrīhi compound: a (not) + jāta (born) + śatru (enemy)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+jāta+śatru)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• jāta – born, produced
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  Past passive participle of √jan 'to be born'
  Root: jan (class 4)
• śatru – enemy, rival
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of āyāt.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

तम् (tam) - Yudhiṣṭhira (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Ajātaśatru.

द्रोणात् (droṇāt) - From Droṇa (the preceptor) (from Droṇa (a measure, a tree))

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (a proper name), a measure of capacity, a trough

Note: Indicates separation or origin (stopping 'from' Droṇa).

अवारयत् (avārayat) - prevented, stopped, warded off

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vāray

Imperfect Active (Causative)

Imperfect 3rd person singular of causative of √vṛ (class 5 Parasmaipada) 'to cover, to choose, to restrain'

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Causative form.