महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-9, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवं पृष्ट्वा सूतपुत्रं हृच्छोकेनार्दितो भृशम् ।
जये निराशः पुत्राणां धृतराष्ट्रोऽपतत्क्षितौ ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evaṁ pṛṣṭvā sūtaputraṁ hṛcchokenārdito bhṛśam ,
jaye nirāśaḥ putrāṇāṁ dhṛtarāṣṭro'patatkṣitau.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca evam pṛṣṭvā sūtaputram hṛcchokena ārditaḥ
bhṛśam jaye nirāśaḥ putrāṇām dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ apatat kṣitau

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ evam sūtaputram pṛṣṭvā
hṛcchokena bhṛśam ārditaḥ putrāṇām jaye nirāśaḥ kṣitau apatat

1. Vaishampayana said: Having questioned Sanjaya (sūtaputra) in this manner, and greatly afflicted by the grief in his heart, Dhritarashtra, despairing of his sons' victory, fell to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaishampayana (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• पृष्ट्वा (pṛṣṭvā) - having asked

• सूतपुत्रम् (sūtaputram) - Sanjaya (the son of Suta, Sanjaya)

• हृच्छोकेन (hṛcchokena) - by heart-grief, by sorrow of the heart

• आर्दितः (ārditaḥ) - distressed, afflicted, tormented

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, very much

• जये (jaye) - in victory

• निराशः (nirāśaḥ) - hopeless, despairing

• पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of his sons (of sons, of children)

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra (proper name)

• अपतत् (apatat) - fell down, dropped

• क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the ground, on the earth

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaishampayana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana (a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect

3rd person singular perfect active of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

पृष्ट्वा (pṛṣṭvā) - having asked

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root prach (to ask) with suffix -ktvā

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Qualifies Dhritarashtra.

सूतपुत्रम् (sūtaputram) - Sanjaya (the son of Suta, Sanjaya)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a sūta (charioteer or bard), Sanjaya

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `pṛṣṭvā`.

हृच्छोकेन (hṛcchokena) - by heart-grief, by sorrow of the heart

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hṛcchoka

hṛcchoka - heart-grief, sorrow of the heart

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hṛd+śoka)

• hṛd – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Agent of `ārditaḥ`.

आर्दितः (ārditaḥ) - distressed, afflicted, tormented

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārdita

ārdita - distressed, afflicted, tormented

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root ard (to pain, afflict) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: ard (class 10)

Note: Qualifies Dhritarashtra.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, very much

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying `ārditaḥ`.

जये (jaye) - in victory

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - victory, triumph, conquest

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Dependent on `nirāśaḥ`.

निराशः (nirāśaḥ) - hopeless, despairing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāśa

nirāśa - hopeless, despairing, having no hope

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nir+āśā)

• nir – without, out of
  indeclinable
• āśā – hope, expectation
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Dhritarashtra.

पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of his sons (of sons, of children)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Dependent on `jaye` (hope in victory *of sons*).

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (a king in the Mahabharata, father of the Kauravas)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, maintained, supported
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle from root dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, nation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of `apatat`.

अपतत् (apatat) - fell down, dropped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

imperfect

3rd person singular imperfect active of root pat

Root: pat (class 1)

क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kṣiti

kṣiti - earth, ground, dwelling

Root: kṣi (class 2)