महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-9, verse-53

मातृष्वसुः सुता वीराः पाण्डवानां जयार्थिनः ।
तान्द्रोणं हन्तुमायातान्के वीराः पर्यवारयन् ॥५३॥

53. mātṛṣvasuḥ sutā vīrāḥ pāṇḍavānāṁ jayārthinaḥ ,
tāndroṇaṁ hantumāyātānke vīrāḥ paryavārayan.

53. mātṛṣvasuḥ sutāḥ vīrāḥ pāṇḍavānām jayārthinaḥ |
tān droṇam hantum āyātān ke vīrāḥ paryavārayan

53. mātṛṣvasuḥ sutāḥ vīrāḥ pāṇḍavānām jayārthinaḥ,
droṇam hantum āyātān tān ke vīrāḥ paryavārayan

53. The heroic sons of the maternal aunt, seeking victory for the Pāṇḍavas, had come to kill Droṇa. Which heroes (on the opposing side) surrounded them?

Words meanings summery:

• मातृष्वसुः (mātṛṣvasuḥ) - of the maternal aunt (of the maternal aunt, of the mother's sister)

• सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons (sons, children)

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroic (brave, heroic; heroes)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - for the Pāṇḍavas (of the Pāṇḍavas)

• जयार्थिनः (jayārthinaḥ) - seeking victory (desirous of victory, seeking victory)

• तान् (tān) - them (them, those)

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

• हन्तुम् (hantum) - to kill (to kill, to slay, to strike)

• आयातान् (āyātān) - who had come (having come, arrived; those who had come)

• के (ke) - which heroes (who, which ones)

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes (brave, heroic; heroes)

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded (they surrounded, they obstructed, they held back)

Words meanings and morphology

मातृष्वसुः (mātṛṣvasuḥ) - of the maternal aunt (of the maternal aunt, of the mother's sister)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of mātṛṣvasṛ

mātṛṣvasṛ - mother's sister, maternal aunt

Note: Possessive for 'sutāḥ'.

सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons (sons, children)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle (originally from su 'to beget')

Root: su (class 2)

Note: Subject.

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroic (brave, heroic; heroes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior; heroic, brave

Note: Adjective for 'sutāḥ'.

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - for the Pāṇḍavas (of the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

Derived from Pāṇḍu

Note: Possessive, here implying 'for the sake of' with 'jayārthinaḥ'.

जयार्थिनः (jayārthinaḥ) - seeking victory (desirous of victory, seeking victory)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jayārthin

jayārthin - desirous of victory, seeking victory

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaya+arthin)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
• arthin – desirous of, seeking, requesting
  adjective
  From artha + in

Note: Adjective for 'sutāḥ'.

तान् (tān) - them (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'mātṛṣvasuḥ sutāḥ'. Object of 'paryavārayan'.

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of the teacher)

Note: Object of the infinitive 'hantum'.

हन्तुम् (hantum) - to kill (to kill, to slay, to strike)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of han

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root han

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Expresses purpose.

आयातान् (āyātān) - who had come (having come, arrived; those who had come)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āyāta

āyāta - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

From root yā with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'mātṛṣvasuḥ sutāḥ'.

के (ke) - which heroes (who, which ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun, subject of 'paryavārayan'.

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes (brave, heroic; heroes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior; heroic, brave

Note: In apposition to 'ke'.

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded (they surrounded, they obstructed, they held back)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

Imperfect Active

Root vṛ, caus. stem vāray. With prefixes pari- and ava-, and augment 'a'

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛ (class 10)

Note: The 'a' prefix (augment) indicates past tense.