महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-9, verse-58

निर्दहन्तं रणे योधान्दारयन्तं च सर्वशः ।
द्रोणायाभिमुखं यान्तं के वीराः पर्यवारयन् ॥५८॥

58. nirdahantaṁ raṇe yodhāndārayantaṁ ca sarvaśaḥ ,
droṇāyābhimukhaṁ yāntaṁ ke vīrāḥ paryavārayan.

58. nirdahantam raṇe yodhān dārayantam ca sarvaśaḥ
droṇāya abhimukham yāntam ke vīrāḥ paryavarayan

58. ke vīrāḥ raṇe yodhān nirdahantam ca sarvaśaḥ
dārayantam droṇāya abhimukham yāntam paryavarayan

58. Which heroes surrounded him as he advanced towards Drona, burning the warriors in battle and tearing them apart entirely?

Words meanings summery:

• निर्दहन्तम् (nirdahantam) - burning, consuming

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight, on the battlefield

• योधान् (yodhān) - warriors, fighters, soldiers

• दारयन्तम् (dārayantam) - tearing apart, splitting, rending

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - entirely, completely, in all ways

• द्रोणाय (droṇāya) - towards Drona (to Drona, for Drona)

• अभिमुखम् (abhimukham) - facing, towards, in front of

• यान्तम् (yāntam) - going, moving, advancing

• के (ke) - who, which

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave men, warriors

• पर्यवरयन् (paryavarayan) - they surrounded, they obstructed, they held back

Words meanings and morphology

निर्दहन्तम् (nirdahantam) - burning, consuming

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nirdahat

nirdahat - burning, consuming, scorching

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √dah (to burn) with the prefix nir-

Prefix: nir

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied object, 'him'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, fight, war

योधान् (yodhān) - warriors, fighters, soldiers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

Note: Object of 'burning' and 'tearing apart'.

दारयन्तम् (dārayantam) - tearing apart, splitting, rending

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dārayat

dārayat - tearing apart, splitting, causing to burst

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from the causative form of the root √dṛ (to tear, burst)

Root: dṛ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies an implied object, 'him'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two participles 'nirdahantam' and 'dārayantam'.

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - entirely, completely, in all ways

(indeclinable)

Derived with the adverbial suffix -śas

द्रोणाय (droṇāya) - towards Drona (to Drona, for Drona)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a prominent character in the Mahābhārata, the preceptor of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas)

Note: Indicates direction or purpose.

अभिमुखम् (abhimukham) - facing, towards, in front of

(indeclinable)

Compound of abhi (towards) and mukha (face)

Compound type : tatpurusha (abhi+mukha)

• abhi – towards, facing, against
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front, opening
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial usage.

यान्तम् (yāntam) - going, moving, advancing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yānt

yānt - going, moving, advancing

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √yā (to go, move)

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies an implied object, 'him'.

के (ke) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

Note: Interrogative pronoun, subject of 'paryavarayan'.

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave men, warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior, chief

Note: Subject of 'paryavarayan'.

पर्यवरयन् (paryavarayan) - they surrounded, they obstructed, they held back

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pari-ā-vṛ

Imperfect

Root √vṛ with prefixes pari- and ā-

Prefixes: pari+ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)