महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-9, verse-17

संप्लावयन्महीं सर्वां मानवैरास्तरंस्तदा ।
गदानिष्टनितो रौद्रो दुर्योधनकृतोद्यमः ॥१७॥

17. saṁplāvayanmahīṁ sarvāṁ mānavairāstaraṁstadā ,
gadāniṣṭanito raudro duryodhanakṛtodyamaḥ.

17. samplāvayan mahīm sarvām mānavaiḥ āstaran tadā
gadāniṣṭanitaḥ raudraḥ duryodhanakṛtodyamaḥ

17. (yuddham) mahīm sarvām samplāvayan tadā mānavaiḥ āstaran
gadāniṣṭanitaḥ raudraḥ duryodhanakṛtodyamaḥ (āsīt)

17. As it flooded the entire earth and covered it with fallen men, that dreadful (battle), thundering with the clash of maces, was the enterprise undertaken by Duryodhana.

Words meanings summery:

• सम्प्लावयन् (samplāvayan) - flooding, inundating, causing to float

• महीम् (mahīm) - the earth, ground

• सर्वाम् (sarvām) - entire, whole

• मानवैः (mānavaiḥ) - by men, with men

• आस्तरन् (āstaran) - covering, strewing, spreading

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• गदानिष्टनितः (gadāniṣṭanitaḥ) - clashing/roaring with maces

• रौद्रः (raudraḥ) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

• दुर्योधनकृतोद्यमः (duryodhanakṛtodyamaḥ) - the enterprise made/undertaken by Duryodhana

Words meanings and morphology

सम्प्लावयन् (samplāvayan) - flooding, inundating, causing to float

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of √plu

√plu - to float, to swim. Causative: to cause to float, to flood, to inundate.

Present Active Participle (causative)

Present participle, masculine, nominative singular, with prefix 'sam'. Causative stem `plāvaya`.

Prefix: sam

Root: √plu (class 1)

महीम् (mahīm) - the earth, ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground, land

Note: Object of samplāvayan.

सर्वाम् (sarvām) - entire, whole

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with mahīm.

मानवैः (mānavaiḥ) - by men, with men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, man, descendant of Manu

Note: Agent of āstaran (covering with).

आस्तरन् (āstaran) - covering, strewing, spreading

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of √stṛ

√stṛ - to strew, to spread, to cover. Causative: to cause to spread.

Present Active Participle

Present participle, masculine, nominative singular, with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: √stṛ (class 5)

Note: The `s` at the end is part of sandhi. Base word is `āstaran`.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

गदानिष्टनितः (gadāniṣṭanitaḥ) - clashing/roaring with maces

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gadāniṣṭanita

gadāniṣṭanita - thundering/roaring with maces, noise of maces

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gadā+niṣṭanita)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• niṣṭanita – thundering, roaring, sound, clash
  noun/past passive participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √stan (to thunder, roar) with prefix 'ni'. `ṣ` is retroflexion.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: √stan (class 1)

Note: Describes the battle/enterprise.

रौद्रः (raudraḥ) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raudra

raudra - terrible, dreadful, fierce, furious

Note: Describes the battle/enterprise.

दुर्योधनकृतोद्यमः (duryodhanakṛtodyamaḥ) - the enterprise made/undertaken by Duryodhana

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhanakṛtodyama

duryodhanakṛtodyama - an effort/enterprise made by Duryodhana

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duryodhana+kṛta+udyama)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṛta – made, done, performed
  past passive participle (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)
• udyama – effort, exertion, enterprise, undertaking
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: √yam (class 1)

Note: Predicate noun/adjective for the implied subject (battle/war).