महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-9, verse-21

यत्सेनाः समकम्पन्त यद्वीरानस्पृशद्भयम् ।
के तत्र नाजहुर्द्रोणं के क्षुद्राः प्राद्रवन्भयात् ॥२१॥

21. yatsenāḥ samakampanta yadvīrānaspṛśadbhayam ,
ke tatra nājahurdroṇaṁ ke kṣudrāḥ prādravanbhayāt.

21. yat senāḥ samakampanta yat vīrān aspṛśat bhayam ke
tatra na ajahuḥ droṇam ke kṣudrāḥ prādravan bhayāt

21. yat senāḥ samakampanta,
yat bhayam vīrān aspṛśat,
tatra ke droṇam na ajahuḥ? ke kṣudrāḥ bhayāt prādravan?

21. Given that your armies trembled and fear afflicted the brave warriors, who among them did not abandon Droṇa? And which contemptible men fled from fear?

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - that, because

• सेनाः (senāḥ) - armies, forces

• समकम्पन्त (samakampanta) - trembled, shook

• यत् (yat) - that, because

• वीरान् (vīrān) - brave warriors (heroes, brave ones)

• अस्पृशत् (aspṛśat) - touched, afflicted

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, terror

• के (ke) - who (plural)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, then

• न (na) - not

• अजहुः (ajahuḥ) - abandoned, left

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

• के (ke) - who (plural)

• क्षुद्राः (kṣudrāḥ) - cowardly, contemptible, insignificant ones

• प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - fled, ran away

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - that, because

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - that which, since, because (relative pronoun/conjunction)

सेनाः (senāḥ) - armies, forces

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of senā

senā - army, host, force, multitude

समकम्पन्त (samakampanta) - trembled, shook

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of kamp

Prefix: sam

Root: kamp (class 1)

यत् (yat) - that, because

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - that which, since, because (relative pronoun/conjunction)

वीरान् (vīrān) - brave warriors (heroes, brave ones)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, valiant, warrior

अस्पृशत् (aspṛśat) - touched, afflicted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of spṛś

Root: spṛś (class 6)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, terror

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror, apprehension

के (ke) - who (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

तत्र (tatra) - there, then

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अजहुः (ajahuḥ) - abandoned, left

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of hā

Root: hā (class 3)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (a revered teacher of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas)

के (ke) - who (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

क्षुद्राः (kṣudrāḥ) - cowardly, contemptible, insignificant ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣudra

kṣudra - small, insignificant, mean, base, vile, contemptible, cowardly

Note: Used substantively to refer to cowardly individuals.

प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - fled, ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dru

Prefixes: pra+ā

Root: dru (class 1)

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror, apprehension